ABSTRACT
In the seventies of the past century ballistocardiography had been thought to be obsolete in cardiology for impossibility of objective calibration. In the present work the quantitative ballistocardiography (Q-BCG) for measurement of systolic force (F) and minute cardiac force (MF) in sitting subject was described. The new principle of piezoelectric transducer enabled to register the force caused by the heart and blood movement, which was not measured before. The calibration proved that the action of the force on the transducer was expressed quantitatively without the amplitude-, time-, and phase deformation. The close relationship of skeletal muscle force and F was proved. The F and MF changed under different physiological conditions (age, partial pressure of oxygen, body weight, skeletal muscle force). It was shown that the systolic force (F) and minute cardiac force (MF) are the physiological parameters neurohumorally regulated similarly as the heart rate or systolic volume.
Subject(s)
Ballistocardiography/methods , Exercise Test/methods , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Posture/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
The authors describe their surgical management of a female patient with a symptomatic coronary artery disease, who had developed a postintubation stenosis of the trachea. The patient sufferred from a rest dyspnoea with stridor. The unusual combination of the both cardiac and tracheal disorders were managed employing a one-step cardio-thoracic surgical procedure. The tracheal resection was conducted in the extracorporeal circulation condition together with the myocardial revascularization. The case shows how, in indicated cases, availability of the extracorporeal circulation can widen a spectrum and limits of the standard chest surgery.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Bypass , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Trachea/surgery , Tracheal Stenosis/surgery , Aged , Emergency Medical Services , Female , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/surgery , Tracheal Stenosis/etiologyABSTRACT
Authors refer the current level of diagnosis and therapy of sleep apnea syndrome in Germany. The sleep labs are perfectly equipped with recently developed diagnostic systems. Also the treatment of patients with CPAP system (continuous positive airways pressure) is very good organized.
Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea Syndromes/therapy , Germany , Humans , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/diagnosisABSTRACT
In the Czech Republic, for ten million inhabitants there are eight sleep laboratories (two neurological, one otorhinolaryngological and five pneumological), equipped with twelve units monitoring four or eight parameters. The first OSAS laboratory was established in 1991. In 1994, health insurance began providing patients with CPAP and doctors began publicising sleep syndromes. Since 1994, 3,860 patients were examined. Patients were referred: by general practitioners (34%), by otorhinolaryngologists (16%), by pneumologists (15%) or by neurologists (12%) and 24% came voluntarily. The ratio was eight men to one woman. Nearly all came because partners requested it. Of the 3,860 examined, 740 (around 19%) began using CPAP. The criteria for using CPAP are following: an oxygen saturation in the blood below 90% for more than 20% of the sleeping period. In very serious cases BiPAP was used (27 patients--0.7%). 185 patients (4.8%) underwent surgery on soft palate.
Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea Syndromes/therapy , Czech Republic , Humans , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) involves impaired regular breathing during sleep. It causes poor quality sleep and thus subsequent somnolence in daytime, it leads to periodic oxygen desaturation and has serious cardiovascular consequences. The authors describe methods used for the diagnosis and quantification of the intensity of SAS which they used (all-night extended polysomnography, ambulatory equipment MESAM 4 and afternoon polysomnography) and they list also the main therapeutic procedures used in SAS.
