Comparison of Antero-Posterior Lip Position in Most Favored Facial Profile of Jaipur Population.

Background The enhancement of facial esthetics is one of the essential goals of orthodontic treatment. The concept of an excellent facial profile can differ between two individuals of the same population. Esthetics is a very vital component in Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Orthodontic treatment aims to achieve facial harmony by stabilizing the occlusion and pleasing facial and dental esthetics. Therefore, the characteristics of a pleasing, well-balanced face and a functioning occlusion should be evaluated. Aim This study aimed to determine preferable Antero-posterior lip positions in the Jaipur population and determine the range of anteroposterior lip positions as evaluated by orthodontists, patients, and professionals from a series of different lip positions in facial silhouettes, and compare their assessments. Materials and Methods The sample comprised 50 subjects (25 males & 25 females) from Jaipur. All angular and linear measurements were recorded for both males and females separately. The mean value of those readings was placed in NEMOTECH cephalometric software, and an average profile construction was done. This average profile will determine the lip fullness/ facial profile of males and females of the Jaipur (Rajasthan) population. A series of 7 profile silhouettes for males and seven profile silhouettes for females was developed by altering the lip positions (protrusion & retrusion in 2mm increments till 6 mm from the average profile) parallel to Frankfort horizontal plane (F-H) plane. Constructed facial silhouettes (seven male and female) were evaluated by (50) Orthodontists, (50) oral surgeons, general dentists (50), and non-specialists population (100). Evaluators were asked for the best profile in each gender from 1 to 7 in order of their preference. Result On calculating the standard deviation values, the profile selected as most favored for females is 2.33 by orthodontists, on the contrary, the standard deviation for Oral Surgeons, General Dentists & Non-specialists is 2.04, 2.14, and 2.12 respectively. It was found that profile retruded -2mm for males was the most favored, and profile retruded -4mm for males was second most favored. Average Profile /the profile without retrusion or protrusion was selected by orthodontists as the most favored profile. Profile retruded -2mm was the most favored profile for males clinically significant. It was found that profile retruded -2mm for females was the most favored, and profile retruded -4mm for females was second most favored. Profile retruded -2mm was the most favored profile for females by Orthodontists, General Dentists & non-specialists. Profile retruded -4mm was the most favored for females by Oral Surgeons. overall made insignificant. Conclusion The most favored facial profile is -2mm (profile 1) retruded lip posture in both males and females. According to Orthodontists most favored facial profile is 0mm (profile 6) average profile in males and -2mm (profile 1) retruded lip position in females. According to non-specialists most favored facial profile is -2mm (profile 1) retruded lip position in both males and females.

Comparative Evaluation of Fluoride Release from Glass Ionomer, Compomer, and Giomer Sealants Following Exposure to Fluoride Toothpaste and Fluoride Varnish: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: Applying sealants to the deep pit and fissure area will be an excellent way to stop and slow down tooth caries from developing. Dental sealants that include fluoride are more successful at lowering dental cavities. It is anticipated that exposure to fluoride from dental sealants of various origins may enhance the fluoride release from dental sealants. Therefore, this study's objective was to investigate the amount of fluoride released after using fluoride toothpaste and fluoride varnish from different sealants. Materials and methods: Using only a fluoride ion selective electrode, the initial release of fluoride was detected every 24 hours for 15 days. After every measurement, the saliva was refreshed. The samples were split into three identical subgroups and given the respective regimes on the 15th day-subgroup A was given fluoride toothpaste every morning and evening, subgroup B was provided fluoride varnish once, and subgroup C was not given any fluoride regime at all. After another 15 days of fluoride exposure, the fluoride release was monitored. Results: With notable variations across groups over the initial 15 days, glass ionomer sealants (GIS) released more amount of fluoride, second by giomer sealant, and third by resin sealant (p = 0.00). All dental sealants that have been tested released more fluoride when using fluoride toothpaste, with giomer sealants surpassing GIS, followed by resin sealants (p = 0.00). Giomer and resin sealants, fluoride varnish treatment dramatically improves fluoride release in GIS (p = 0.00). Conclusion: The release of fluoride among all dental sealants is improved by using fluoride toothpaste daily and fluoride varnish just once. How to cite this article: Senthilkumar A, Chhabra C, Trehan M, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Fluoride Release from Glass Ionomer, Compomer, and Giomer Sealants Following Exposure to Fluoride Toothpaste and Fluoride Varnish: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):736-738.

Evaluation of Alkaline Phosphatase as Skeletal Maturity Indicator in Gingival Crevicular Fluid.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was a comparison of the mean alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at distinct phases of skeletal maturity with the use of a hand-wrist radiograph and to analyze if GCF ALP levels can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for evaluation of skeletal maturity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, a standardized volume of 5 µL was collected from the subjects in the preadolescent, adolescent, and postadolescent phases from the mesial and distal embrasures of maxillary and mandibular central incisors after which a hand-wrist radiograph was obtained. Eppendorf tubes with buffer solution were used to transfer GCF to the laboratory for estimation of ALP level. RESULTS: The data collected were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test to obtain the ALP levels. Gingival crevicular fluid ALP levels were significantly higher in the adolescent stage. The site-wise comparison in the three groups show that there is a statistically insignificant difference between maxilla and mandible or between males and females. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the mean ALP levels were significantly increased in the adolescent phase in contrast with the pre- and post-adolescent stages. Gingival crevicular fluid ALP can be considered a promising diagnostic tool as a non-invasive biomarker of an adolescence growth spurt. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Trehan M, Patil C. Evaluation of Alkaline Phosphatase as Skeletal Maturity Indicator in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):512-517.

Evaluation of Skeletal Maturation Using Mandibular 1st Premolar and 2nd Molar Calcification Stages: A Cross-sectional Radiographic Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The study aimed at, whether the calcification stages of mandibular 1st premolar and 2nd molar can be used to assess skeletal maturity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lateral cephalogram and OPG of 72 growing subjects with good health (38 girls and 34 boys; age-group of 8-17 years) were selected for a cross-sectional study, in which the identity of patients was not revealed to the investigator. The dental calcification stage of mandibular 1st premolar and 2nd molar were estimated in accordance with the Demirjian system (DI) and skeletal maturation was estimated according to cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) given by Hassel and Farman and these two indices were compared. RESULTS: Chi-square test and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient test showed that a significant relationship of mandibular 1st premolar and 2nd molar calcification stages with CVMI exists, for both males and females. In females, CVMI stage 2 showed maximum correlation to DI stage E of lower 2nd molar. In males, CVMI stage 2 showed maximum correlation to DI stage E of lower 1st premolar. CONCLUSION: The result of this study revealed that each stage developed prior in female subjects compared to male subjects and the calcification stages of lower 1st premolar and 2nd molar can be used to assess the peak of growth. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Mittal K, Trehan M, Sharma S, et al. Evaluation of Skeletal Maturation Using Mandibular 1st Premolar and 2nd Molar Calcification Stages: A Cross-sectional Radiographic Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(S-1):S44-S49.

Comparison of Effectiveness of Manual Orthodontic, Powered and Sonic Toothbrushes on Oral Hygiene of Fixed Orthodontic Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Maintenance of good oral hygiene is important for patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a manual orthodontic toothbrush, powered toothbrush with oscillating head and sonic toothbrush in controlling plaque, gingivitis and interdental bleeding in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, and to compare their relative efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty subjects, who were to receive orthodontic treatment with both upper and lower fixed appliances, were randomly divided into three study groups, with 20 patients in each group. Groups I to III were given manual orthodontic, powered and sonic toothbrushes, respectively. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and interdental bleeding index were scored to assess the level of plaque accumulation, gingival health and interdental bleeding at baseline; 4 and 8 weeks recall visits after fixed appliance bonding. Paired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: This study showed that a significant reduction in all the three indices scores was found from baseline to 4 and 8 weeks in group III. On intergroup comparison, no statistically significant differences were detected between the three groups for any of the parameters assessed. CONCLUSION: On intragroup comparison, sonic brushes performed superiorly in reducing gingivitis, plaque and interdental bleeding as compared to the manual orthodontic and powered brushes. On intergroup comparison, the relative comparative effectiveness was found to be similar for all the three brushes. How to cite this article: Sharma R, Trehan M, Sharma S, Jharwal V, Rathore N. Comparison of Effectiveness of Manual Orthodontic, Powered and Sonic Toothbrushes on Oral Hygiene of Fixed Orthodontic Patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(3):181-189.

Ortho-Perio Interrelationship. Treatment Challenges.

It is an undisputed fact that sound periodontal health is a prerequisite for successful orthodontic therapy. Various complex dental problems necessitate a multidisciplinary approach; there cannot be a better example than an ortho-perio interaction. Certain periodontal treatment modalities need to be undertaken before commencing orthodontic treatment. And some periodontal procedures are required after active orthodontic treatment. The aim of this article is to familiarize clinicians in the field of both periodontics and orthodontics with the precautions and clinical techniques necessary to preserve the integrity of already compromised periodontium.

Informed consent for braces.

The influence of law on the orthodontic profession has greatly increased in the last few decades. Dental law has emerged today as a full-fedged specialty dealing with a variety of areas, like professional negligence, doctor-patient contracts, consumer protection laws, ethics, general and special health legislations and practice regulatory mechanisms. This article highlights the concept of informed consent which is based on the premise that each individual has a right to make decisions concerning his health, disease and treatment. How to cite this article: Jharwal V, Trehan M, Rathore N, Rathee P, Agarwal D, Mathur N. Informed Consent for Braces. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(2):105-108.

Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Estimation of Adhesive Remnant Index between Light-cure Composite and Dual-cure Composite: An in vitro Study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of light-cure composite. (Enlight, Ormco.) and dual-cure composite (Phase II dual cure, Reliance Ortho). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty extracted human premolar teeth were divided into two groups: group I (blue): conventional light cure composite resin. (Enlight, Ormco.) and group II (green): dual cure composite resin. (Phase II dual cure, Reliance Ortho.) with 30 teeth in each group. These samples were tested on the universal testing machine to measure the shear bond strength. RESULTS: Student t-test showed that the mean shear bond strength of the conventional light cure group (8.54 MPa - 10.42 MPa) was significantly lower than dual cure group (10.45 MPa -12.17 MPa). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the shear bond strength of dual-cure composite resin (Phase II dual cure, Reliance Ortho) is comparatively higher than conventional light-cure composite resin (Enlight, Ormco). In the majority of the samples, adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were 4 and 5 in both the groups whereas score 1 is attained by the least number of samples in both the groups. How to cite this article: Verma G, Trehan M, Sharma S. Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Estimation of Adhesive Remnant Index between Light-cure Composite and Dual-cure Composite: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(3):166-170.

Applicability of Bolton's Analysis: A Study on Jaipur Population.

This study was undertaken to compare the Bolton's anterior and overall ratios among males and females in Jaipur population. One hundred study models (50 males and 50 females) of orthodontic patients were randomly selected from the Department of Orthodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur. The normative data for the mesiodistal widths of males and females were established and the anterior and overall ratios were obtained for both males and females. It was observed that were no significant differences in both the ratios in males and females. Hence, both the ratios were obtained for the sample as a whole. These ratios were found to be similar to the Boltons standard with no significant differences. Therefore, it can be concluded that Boltons standards can be applied to this population irrespective of sex or ethnic background. How to cite this article: Trehan M, Agarwal S, Sharma S. Applicability of Bolton's Analysis: A Study on Jaipur Population. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(2):113-117.

Perception of Facial Profile: How You Feel About Yourself.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine how aware the individuals were of their own profile and to compare the orthodontist's perception of an attractive facial profile with those of laypeople, dental students and orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised of a total of 200 subjects divided into four groups of 50 subjects each: Laypeople, first-year dental students, final-year dental students and orthodontic patients. Participants answered a questionnaire regarding facial profile and their expectations from orthodontic treatment. The facial profile photographs of participants were analyzed by two orthodontists separately who matched the individual to the depicted silhouettes. Agreement between participants and orthodontists was evaluated by using the statistic χ(2) test. RESULTS: Dental students and orthodontic patients were more aware of their facial profile as compared to the laypeople. The four groups were different in their abilities to recognize their own profiles. The difference in profile perception between orthodontists and subjects was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Class I profiles were perceived to be the most attractive by all the groups and profiles with a protrusive mandible were perceived to be the least attractive. Final-year dental students and orthodontic patients were more accurate in identifying their own profile.

Prevalence of malocclusion in jaipur, India.

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of malocclusion in Jaipur city, India. A total of 700 subjects, in the age group of 16-26 years were divided into five groups of normal occlusion, Angle's Class I, Class II Div 1, Class II Div 2 and Class III malocclusion. The results revealed that the prevalence of malocclusion was 66.3%, with the majority of them having Class I malocclusion (57.9%), while the prevalence of Class III malocclusion was found to be the least (1.4%). There was no statistically significant gender difference among the subjects studied.

Recurrent unicystic ameloblastoma of the infratemporal and temporal fossa.

The ameloblastoma has been described as benign but locally invasive; benign and locally invasive with strong tendency to recur; and locally malignant. Recurrence of this lesion in to the infratemporal and temporal region are rarely reported cases. Complete excision of lesion was done with the help of the advance imaging modalities and possible cause of recurrence in this case is discussed.

Pediatric mandibular fractures: a review.

The pattern of craniomaxillofacial fractures seen in children and adolescents varies with evolving skeletal anatomy and socioenvironmental factors. The general principles of treating mandibular fractures are the same in children and adults: Anatomic reduction is combined with stabilization adequate to maintain it until bone union has occurred. But recognition of some of the differences between children and their adult counterparts is important in long-term esthetic and functional facial rehabilitation as effect of injury, treatment provided has a great influence on their ensuing growth.