Boundary Integrity Testing of Containment Level 3 (Biological Safety Level 3) Laboratories.

Background: Containment Level 3 (CL3) laboratories may require boundary integrity testing. Existing guidelines for CL3 room leakage are often subjective, lacking a definitive standard for what constitutes a "sealed" room. Methods: This study reviews global biocontainment guidelines and standards, and it compares multiple test results from global CL3 facilities by standardizing test data to an equivalent test pressure of 250 Pa. Results: Our analysis revealed that 55% of rooms constructed using typical CL3 methodologies met the proposed testing criteria. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) greenhouse leakage rate acceptance criterion of 0.139 L/s per square meter (0.027 cfm per square foot) at a room differential pressure of 250 Pa was found to be a challenging, yet achievable standard. Conclusions: A two-step process is recommended for boundary integrity testing: (1) Initial leaks are identified using smoke pencil or soap bubble tests, followed by necessary repairs; (2) The room is then subjected to quantifiable leakage rate testing to verify it meets minimum requirements. In the absence of definitive local guidelines, we recommend the published ARS greenhouse leakage rate at a room differential pressure of 300 Pa of 0.152 L/s per square meter of surface area as an acceptable criterion for testing construction boundaries of CL3 laboratories built using current CL3 construction practices. For primary containment CL3 rooms, a more stringent criterion following the German Verein Deutscher Ingenieure guidelines at a room pressure differential of 250 Pa is noted as 0.03620 L/s per square meter of room surface area is more appropriate.

[Utilization of remote psychosocial intervention with men: What is the state of knowledge?] / L'utilisation de l'intervention psychosociale à distance auprès des hommes : quel est l'état des connaissances ?

Background Remote psychosocial intervention has been used by most health care organizations since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rapid introduction of this type of practice generates new methods of intervention that raise many questions, particularly about men who, in general, use face-to-face psychosocial intervention less than women. This documentary research aims to report on current knowledge on remote psychosocial intervention with men. Methods PICO technique was used to find relevant documents to achieve the objective of this research. In accord with our criteria, 62 documents were selected in several databases and search engines. The selected texts were subject to an analysis process consisting of two stages: the creation of reading sheets followed by a content analysis. Results The results underline the lack of scientific data on the men's experience when they initiate a request for help, the commitment process, and the effectiveness of the remote intervention. Several elements seem potentially promising, including patients' perceptions of having more power and freedom which could favorize engagement of men who have a traditional vision of masculinity. Conclusions It appears that gender-related variables are not commonly used when it comes to analyze the effects of distance psychosocial intervention. Other studies will be needed to have a holistic vision of the realities experienced by men towards the offer of remote psychosocial intervention.

Engineering Controls and Technologies to Enhance Safety in the COVID-19 Pandemic Landscape: Lessons for Laboratories and Non-Laboratories.

Introduction: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ushered in a new way of life in a short time, with many lasting impacts that have yet to be fully realized. This pandemic threat landscape resulted in massive efforts to increase safety, minimize person-to-person transmission, and rethink how society approaches personal and collective health issues. The buildings and environments in which we live, work, and learn now became environments that pose new risks. As a result, many institutions began asking what improvements could be made to those environments to reduce the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases. Methods: The authors conducted a review of past projects and emerging technologies to evaluate which applications in containment laboratories could represent an example of how engineering controls can improve safety by protecting the workers inside the laboratories as well as the public interfacing the laboratories. Discussion: Engineering controls, technology, and safety systems are hallmarks of modern containment laboratories that may provide some context into extrapolating these elements into non-laboratory environments, providing there is coordination with a risk assessment methodology. In this study, the authors explore new technologies proposed for controlling SARS-CoV-2 in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, and potential impacts to the operations and maintenance of those systems.

TGF-ß1 protein trap AVID200 beneficially affects hematopoiesis and bone marrow fibrosis in myelofibrosis.

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a progressive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by hyperactivation of JAK/STAT signaling and dysregulation of the transcription factor GATA1 in megakaryocytes (MKs). TGF-ß plays a pivotal role in the pathobiology of MF by promoting BM fibrosis and collagen deposition and by enhancing the dormancy of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this study, we show that MF-MKs elaborated significantly greater levels of TGF-ß1 than TGF-ß2 and TGF-ß3 to a varying degree, and we evaluated the ability of AVID200, a potent TGF-ß1/TGF-ß3 protein trap, to block the excessive TGF-ß signaling. Treatment of human mesenchymal stromal cells with AVID200 significantly reduced their proliferation, decreased phosphorylation of SMAD2, and interfered with the ability of TGF-ß1 to induce collagen expression. Moreover, treatment of MF mononuclear cells with AVID200 led to increased numbers of progenitor cells (PCs) with WT JAK2 rather than mutated JAK2V617F. This effect of AVID200 on MF PCs was attributed to its ability to block TGF-ß1-induced p57Kip2 expression and SMAD2 activation, thereby allowing normal rather than MF PCs to preferentially proliferate and form hematopoietic colonies. To assess the in vivo effects of AVID200, Gata1lo mice, a murine model of MF, were treated with AVID200, resulting in the reduction in BM fibrosis and an increase in BM cellularity. AVID200 treatment also increased the frequency and numbers of murine progenitor cells as well as short-term and long-term HSCs. Collectively, these data provide the rationale for TGF-ß1 blockade, with AVID200 as a therapeutic strategy for patients with MF.

Impacts of neonicotinoid seed treatments on soil-dwelling pest populations and agronomic parameters in corn and soybean in Quebec (Canada).

Agricultural soil pests, including wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae), are managed primarily with pesticides applied directly to seeds before sowing. Seeds coated with neonicotinoids have been used widely in Quebec (Canada) for several years. To assess the agronomic and economic value of neonicotinoid seed treatments in soybeans and corn in Quebec, trials were conducted from 2012 to 2016 in 84 fields across seven regions in Quebec. We evaluated the effect of neonicotinoid seed treatments on soil pest densities, crop damage and yield. The results showed that 92.6% of corn fields and 69.0% of soybean fields had less than 1 wireworm per bait trap. However, no significant differences in plant stand or yield were observed between treated and untreated corn or soybeans during the study. This study shows that neonicotinoid seed treatments in field crops in Quebec are useful in less than 5% of cases, given the very low level of pest-associated pressure and damage, and that they should not be used prophylactically. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies need to be developed for soil insect pests to offer effective alternative solutions to producers.

Biological Validation and Observations of Formaldehyde Fumigation in Operational and Representative Scenarios in High-Containment Laboratories.

Introduction: The effectiveness of formaldehyde as a fumigant in laboratories, for equipment, and for containment barrier decontamination applications was assessed, in particular the ability to reproduce biological inactivation (6-log reduction) of commercially available rapid biological indicators in representative operational scenarios and their relative sensitivity to other biological and chemical indicators. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to describe observations and results of formaldehyde fumigation efficacy in high-containment laboratories. Results: Biological indicators placed throughout laboratory spaces, including ventilation ductwork at distances up to 15 meters, inside pieces of equipment and in lengths of pipe, were mostly negative, demonstrating the ability of formaldehyde to reach the interior and external surfaces tested. Dwell times as short as 10 minutes were shown to be sufficient in barrier decontamination equipment for the fumigation of personal computers. Furthermore, a pipework bore:length ratio of 1:1500 was proven too great a challenge. Indicators placed after extracting HEPA filters in microbiological safety cabinets (MBSCs) were also successfully fumigated (at room temperature) relying solely on diffusion and in the cabinet workspace at 10°C to 12°C. In addition, pressures of up to 900 Pa were experienced in low-leakage laboratory spaces during fumigation. Conclusions: Formaldehyde fumigation was shown to be effective in a variety of scenarios representing operational activities thereby giving process assurance.

Men's Help-Seeking Attitudes in Rural Communities Affected by a Natural Disaster.

The article describes a mixed methods study of help-seeking in men living in the Chilean Central Valley, following exposure to a major earthquake event in 2010. The results identify that, within the sample, positive attitudes toward help-seeking correlated with younger age, higher education levels, above-average incomes, and stable personal relationships. It appears that education plays a significant role in shaping such positive attitudes, particularly by influencing views of gender roles and help-seeking. Conversely, older men's reticence toward seeking help appeared linked to negative perceptions of available services and the influence of traditional notions of masculinity. The study concludes that adapting interventions and service offers to men's needs in rural contexts must include an ecosystemic analysis of their reality and incorporate an understanding of masculinity socialization processes.

Problematizing Men's Suicide, Mental Health, and Well-Being.

BACKGROUND: The Province of Quebec, Canada (PQ), witnessed a drastic rise in suicide among adult men between 1990 and 2000, followed by a continuous drop since then. At the end of the 1990s, men's suicide became recognized as a social issue, leading to implementation of gender-responsive strategies focusing on positive aspects of masculinity. Many of these strategies received positive assessments. AIMS: This article offers a critical overview of the evolution of social responses to men's suicide in PQ. METHOD: We highlight elements of success with examples of interventions targeting men directly, professionals who work with men, and natural support networks of men. RESULTS: Results and discussion suggest the benefits to shift towards salutogenic, gender-transformative approach to men's suicide prevention. CONCLUSION: Closing remarks question the current gaps and upcoming challenges in suicide prevention among men.

Health-Promoting Home and Workplace Neighborhoods: Associations With Multiple Facets of Men's Health.

Despite the importance of healthy settings for health promotion, little is known about how neighborhood characteristics affect men's health. The present study aims to explore the associations between perceptions of home and workplace neighborhoods with diverse health outcomes, and to examine mediating mechanisms. A sample of 669 men members of labor unions in Quebec, Canada, completed a questionnaire assessing social and physical aspects of their work and home neighborhoods (the Health-Promoting Neighborhood Questionnaire) as well as subjective and objective health outcomes (perceived health, positive mental health, body mass index) and potential mediators (health behaviors, self-efficacy). Structural equation modeling (path analysis) revealed that the Health-Promoting Neighborhood Questionnaire was associated with all three health outcomes, either directly or indirectly through health behaviors and self-efficacy. Both home and workplace neighborhoods were associated with men's health, home neighborhood being more strongly associated. The findings suggest that physical and social aspects of neighborhood might contribute to men's health. The study highlights positive environmental levers for urban planners, policy makers, and health professionals to promote men's health.

Peer Positive Social Control and Men's Health-Promoting Behaviors.

Men are generally thought to be less inclined to take care of their health. To date, most studies about men's health have focused on deficits in self-care and difficulties in dealing with this sphere of their life. The present study reframes this perspective, using a salutogenic strengths-based approach and seeking to identify variables that influence men to take care of their health, rather than neglect it. This study focuses on the association between peer positive social control and men's health behaviors, while controlling for other important individual and social determinants (sociodemographic characteristics, health self-efficacy, home neighborhood, spousal positive social control, and the restrictive emotionality norm). In a mixed-method study, 669 men answered a self-reported questionnaire, and interviews were conducted with a maximum variation sample of 31 men. Quantitative results indicated that, even after controlling for sociodemographic variables and other important factors, peer positive social control was significantly associated with the six health behaviors measured in the study (health responsibility, nutrition, physical activity, interpersonal relations, stress management, and spirituality). Interview results revealed that peer positive social control influenced men's health behaviors through three different mechanisms: shared activity, being inspired, and serving as a positive role model for others. In summary, friends and coworkers could play a significant role in promoting various health behaviors among adult men in their daily life. Encouraging men to socialize and discuss health, and capitalizing on healthy men as role models appear to be effective ways to influence health behavior adoption among this specific population.

Chilean Men Exposed to the Major Earthquake in 2010.

The article presents the results of a study involving 18 men, 4 years after one of South America's most powerful natural disasters: An earthquake occurring off the coast of Chile in February 2010. Participants reported having developed new psychological health problems in the months following the catastrophe. The manifestations most frequently reported by participants were the presence of depressive and stress symptoms, as well as sleep disorders. The majority of participants registered scores of 33 and above on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, indicating that they were suffering from posttraumatic stress. Furthermore, although the majority of interviewed men reported having suffered psychological or physical health problems following the disaster, only a small minority had sought help from professional health services. The article develops insights into the men's social interactions and underlines the importance of supporting further research on red health topics, in particular the help-seeking behavior of men following exposure to natural disasters.

Association between weight status and men's positive mental health: The influence of marital status.

The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the association between weight status and men's positive mental health, defined as the presence of symptoms of emotional, psychological, and social well-being, and (2) evaluate the moderating effect of marital status. A total of 645 men aged between 19 and 71 years self-reported their height and weight and answered a questionnaire measuring their emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Analysis of variance revealed that mean levels of emotional, psychological, and social well-being did not significantly differ according to men's weight status. Moderation analyses indicated that, for men in a relationship (married or living common-law), there were no significant associations between overweight, obesity, and the three components of positive mental health. However, for single men, overweight was marginally associated with higher emotional well-being, while obesity was associated with lower psychological well-being and marginally associated with lower social well-being. Results of the present study suggest that health professionals and researchers should take the characteristics (such as marital status) of men with obesity and overweight into account when working with them. Mental health researchers may need to examine men in each weight category separately (e.g. obesity vs. overweight), since the association with positive mental health can differ from one category to another.

"Do it All by Myself": A Salutogenic Approach of Masculine Health Practice Among Farming Men Coping With Stress.

Farming is often considered one of the most stressful occupations. At the same time, farming men symbolically represent a strong, traditional, or hegemonic form of masculinity based on stoicism, resourcefulness, and resilience to adversity. A contrast is observed between this social representation and their health status, marked by higher levels of stress, social isolation, psychological distress, and suicide than many other subgroups of men. A salutogenic approach was taken in this study to enable the investigation of the social contexts in which farming men positively engage in health-promoting behaviors that may prevent or ameliorate mental health problems. A focus was placed on how farming men cope with stress on their own, and the relationship of this to their popular image of being resourceful and resilient. Thirty-two individual in-depth interviews with farming men and a focus group with five key informants working in rural areas within the Province of Quebec, Canada, were carried out. Self-distraction and cognitive strategies emerged as the most relevant for participants. Notably, taking work breaks conflicted with the discourse of the "relentless worker" that farmers are expected to be. Pathways to positive coping and recovery implied an ambivalence between contemplation of strategies aligned with negative aspects of traditional masculinity norms in North America and strategies aligned with more positive, progressive aspects of these norms based on the importance of family and work life balance. Health promotion and future research should investigate how various positive masculine practices can be aligned with farmers' health and well-being and that of their family.

Crop management, genotypes, and environmental factors affect soyasaponin B concentration in soybean.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain soyasaponin B, which has putative health benefits. Studies were conducted in multiple environments in Quebec, Canada to determine the effects of genotypes, environments, and seeding dates on soyasaponin B concentration in mature seeds. A growth chamber study was also conducted to determine the impact of high air temperature imposed at specific growth development stages on soyasaponin B in soybeans. Concentrations of individual and total soyasaponin B were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Genotype and environment main effects were the main determinants of soyasaponin B concentration in soybean, genotype × environment interactions accounting for less than 5% of the variation for all soyasaponin. Ranking of 20 early maturing soybean genotypes was thus relatively consistent across four environments, total concentration varying between 2.31 and 6.59 µmol g(-1). Seeding date consistently impacted soyasaponin B concentrations, early seeding date resulting in the highest concentrations. There was an 11% difference in total soyasaponin B concentration of soybeans seeded in mid-May compared to that in late-June. The response to high air temperature was complex and cultivar specific. High temperature stress restricted to the seed filling stages increased total soyasaponin B concentration in one cultivar by 28% when compared to that in control nonstressed plants; however, in another cultivar high temperature applied during all growth stages reduced total concentration by 27%. Results from the present study thus demonstrate that environmental factors and crop management both impact soyasaponin B concentration in soybeans.

Mechanism and function of monoclonal antibodies targeting siglec-15 for therapeutic inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption.

The use of monoclonal antibodies to target functionally important cell-surface proteins on bone-resorbing osteoclasts represents a promising approach for treatment of cancer-associated bone loss and other skeletal pathologies. Previously, we identified Siglec-15, a little studied sialic acid-binding receptor, as a candidate target that is highly up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation induced by the cytokine receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). In this report, we confirm that Siglec-15 is localized to the plasma membrane where it can be targeted by monoclonal antibodies to inhibit differentiation of functional osteoclasts in vitro. Furthermore, we found that treatment of mice with these antibodies led to a marked increase in bone mineral density, consistent with inhibition of osteoclast activity. Interestingly, osteoblast numbers were maintained despite the anti-resorptive activity. At the molecular level, Siglec-15 interacts with the adapter protein DAP12 and can induce Akt activation when clustered on the osteoclast cell surface, which likely represents its normal signaling function. Importantly, we discovered that monoclonal antibodies induce rapid internalization, lysosomal targeting, and degradation of Siglec-15 by inducing receptor dimerization. This study defines a key regulatory node that controls osteoclast differentiation and activity downstream of RANKL and supports further development of Siglec-15 antibodies as a novel class of bone loss therapeutics.

Male farmers with mental health disorders: a scoping review.

The issue of male farmers' mental health raises many concerns including high rates of psychological distress and suicide amid the poor uptake of health services among this subgroup. Gender is an important social determinant of health, and this paper provides an overview of connections between farming and masculinities in the context of men's mental health disorders. This scoping review summarises findings drawn from 46 studies to discuss male farmers' mental health disorders, psychosocial interventions and barriers to help-seeking. In providing the review, recommendations are made including the need for an array of study and intervention approaches to advance the mental health and well-being of male farmers and their families.

Effect of Glyphosate on Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat and Barley Under Different Soil Tillages.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease in the wet conditions of eastern Canada. Tillage practices and herbicide applications have been reported to influence disease intensity. This study aimed to determine the effect of glyphosate on FHB development in wheat and barley and on Fusarium graminearum inoculum production under different soil tillages. The experiment was performed during 2 years (2007 and 2008) at two different sites in Quebec, Canada. Six trials were set in both sites, combining two cereal species (wheat and barley) and three soil tillages: moldboard plow, spring tillage (minimum-till), and direct drilling. For each trial, glyphosate or other herbicides were applied on Roundup Ready soybean the year preceding cereal crops, constituting the main plots. The next year, three wheat and three barley cultivars were sown as subplots. FHB index, Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON) content, and F. graminearum inoculum production were measured. Glyphosate had no significant effect on FHB index, FDK, or DON content, whatever the trial and the site. F. graminearum inoculum production was enhanced by glyphosate in only 1 of 12 trials. Cultivar effect was highly significant on DON content. The relationship between F. graminearum inoculum from soybean residues and DON content was weak.

[Social work: A long tradition of intervention in suicidal crisis]. / Service social : une longue tradition d'intervention lors d'une crise suicidaire.

This article examines the place of social work in identifying intervention in suicide. Divided in three parts, the article describes the paradox of social work regarding suicide, the contributions of social work in the field of research and intervention on suicide and finally, presents an example from a study by the author on depression in men.

Soybean tocopherol concentrations are affected by crop management.

Soybeans are an important source of tocopherols, which have health-beneficial properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that environmental factors may affect soybean tocopherol concentrations; the impact of specific crop management strategies, however, remains poorly understood. Experiments were conducted for 2 years at three sites in Quebec to determine the impact on soybean tocopherol concentrations of seeding rate, row spacing, seeding date, cultivar, and P and K fertilization. Total and alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, alpha-tocopherol was the most responsive to the factors evaluated; the response of other tocopherols was often lower or inconsistent across environments. The seeding rate affected alpha-tocopherol concentrations in three out of five environments; seeding at a rate of 40 seeds m(-2) resulted in 4% higher concentrations than seeding at a higher rate. Wide row spacing (more than 36 cm) resulted in two out of five environments in 6% higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations as compared to narrower row spacing. The seeding date had a greater impact; mid- to late-May seeding across four environments resulted in 45% greater alpha-tocopherol concentrations than seeding at later dates. Phosphorus and K fertilization had a negligible impact on tocopherol concentrations. Across experiments, large differences were observed between environments; plants grown in northern environments consistently had lower concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols but higher concentrations of delta-tocopherol. Differences between cultivars were also consistent, ranging between 10 and 30%, depending on the tocopherol. Results demonstrate that soybean tocopherol concentrations are affected by crop management and thus suggest that specific recommended agronomic practices may need to be established for the production of soybeans for the functional food market.

Extracellular acidification enhances osteoclast survival through an NFAT-independent, protein kinase C-dependent pathway.

Systemic acidosis has detrimental effects on the skeleton and local acidosis is associated with bone destruction in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which acidosis enhances osteoclastic bone resorption are poorly understood. Our aim was to examine the effects of acid on osteoclast survival and the involvement of cytosolic Ca(2+) in mediating these effects. Osteoclasts were isolated from long bones of newborn rats, and multinucleated osteoclast-like cells were generated from RAW 264.7 cells. Cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was monitored using fura-2. Survival of rat osteoclasts over a period of 18 h was significantly enhanced by acidification of the medium from 40+/-10% at pH 7.6 to 83+/-4% at pH 7.0. Consistent with its effects on survival, acidosis suppressed osteoclast apoptosis at 6 h. We examined the possible involvement of the proton-sensing receptor ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) in mediating the effects of acid. Acid-induced rise of [Ca(2+)](i) was inhibited by the OGR1 antagonist Cu(2+) and was suppressed in osteoclast-like cells in which OGR1 transcripts were depleted using RNA interference. These findings support an essential role for OGR1 in acid-induced Ca(2+) signaling in osteoclasts. Addition of Cu(2+) or chelation of cytosolic Ca(2+) with BAPTA abolished the ability of acidification to enhance osteoclast survival. Inhibition of NFAT activation with the cell-permeable peptide 11R-VIVIT did not alter the ability of acid to promote survival; however, it suppressed the increase in survival induced by RANKL. In contrast, inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) blocked the effect of acid on osteoclast survival. Thus, this study reveals that extracellular acidification enhances osteoclast survival through an NFAT-independent, PKC-dependent pathway. Increased osteoclast survival may contribute to bone loss in systemic and local acidosis.