Twenty-four hour blood pressure effect of once-daily lisinopril, enalapril, and placebo in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

This multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study compared the antihypertensive effects of equal doses of two long-acting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. After a two-week, placebo run-in phase, 110 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were randomised to receive 10 mg lisinopril or enalapril, or placebo for 4 weeks. Office BPs were measured at regular intervals throughout the study. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was measured at baseline and after the first and final doses of study drug. Serum ACE activity and aldosterone were obtained concomitantly with each ABP monitoring. Office BP differences from placebo reached (P less than 0.05) or approached (P less than 0.10) statistical significance at all observations for the lisinopril group but were not significant for any observation in the enalapril group and approached significance on two occasions. After four weeks of treatment, ABP analysis revealed that the lisinopril and enalapril groups, when compared with placebo, had similar and significant systolic and diastolic AUC reductions (P less than 0.01) from baseline over the 24 h dosing interval. During the second half of the dosing interval, 13-24 h post drug administration, the lisinopril group was significantly different from placebo (systolic BP, P = 0.002; diastolic BP, P = 0.005) while the enalapril group was not. Both drugs were well tolerated. The results indicate that monotherapy with 10 mg of lisinopril is as effective as with 10 mg of enalapril, and that ABP monitoring is useful in more precisely depicting the clinical effect of the known pharmacokinetic properties of these two agents.

Once-daily lisinopril compared with twice-daily captopril in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension: assessment of office and ambulatory blood pressures.

This multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study compared the antihypertensive effects of two angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, lisinopril and captopril, in 70 patients (35 lisinopril, 35 captopril) with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg once-daily lisinopril or 25, 50, and 100 mg bid captopril were increased at biweekly intervals until patients responded to treatment, as defined by a decrease in office diastolic pressure to less than 90 mm Hg or at least a 10 mm Hg decrease from baseline. Patients who responded to a 2-week titration dose remained at that dose for another 2 weeks. Blood pressure assessments were made using both office and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Area under the curve analysis of ambulatory blood pressure reductions showed significant differences between treatment groups for both systolic (P = .023) and diastolic (P = .007) blood pressures, with lisinopril-treated patients showing the most significant reduction in pressure. Greater reductions (P less than .05) were also noted in patients receiving lisinopril at hours 10 to 12, suggesting two blood pressure troughs for those receiving captopril. Both drugs were well tolerated, and no patients withdrew from either treatment group. The authors concluded that after at least 4 weeks of therapy, once-daily lisinopril administration was more effective than twice-daily captopril administration in reducing blood pressure, when measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.