[Changes in glycolysis and glycogenolysis in tissues and level of certain hormones in blood and urine from rats with varying lengths of cold adaptation]. / Izmenenie glikoliza i glikogenoliza v tkaniakh i soderzhanie nekotorykhgormonov v krovi i moche u krys v razlichnye sroki kholodovoi adaptatsii.

The production phase changes of adaptive hormones and the activity of key glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes were studied in Wistar rats exposed to a long-term (1-49 day) cold (+5 degrees C) exposure. The allosteric mechanisms responsible for regulating carbohydrate metabolism were shown to interact with endocrine ones and to modulate their effects. In cold acclimation, activation of the sympathoadrenal system aimed not only at increasing carbohydrate metabolism, but at enhancing the metabolism of fats and calorigenic effects.

[The effect of stimulation of the mononuclear phagocyte system on the binding of high- and low-density lipoproteins by the hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and liver endotheliocytes of rats]. / Vliianie stimuliatsii sistemy mononuklearnykh fagotsitov na sviazyvanie lipoproteinov vysokoi i nizkoi plotnosti gepatotsitami, kupferovskimi i éndotelial'nymi kletkami pecheni krys.

The role of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in the regulation of low- (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor activity in different rat liver cells was investigated. MPS was activated by intravenous administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Serratia marcescens. Liver cells were isolated by in vitro perfusion of the liver with a collagenase solution. Separation of Kupffer and endothelial cells was performed by the method of centrifugal elutriation. In control rats, the hepatocytes bound 1.6 times more 125I-HDL and 2.5 times more 125I-LDL per cell than Kupffer cells. Treatment of rats with LPS resulted in a 4.5-fold decrease in the 125I-HDL binding to Kupffer cells. In contrast, the hepatocytes from LPS-treated rat bound 2 times more 125I-HDL than that from untreated rats. The binding of 125I-LDL and 125I-HDL to endothelial cells and 125I-LDL to hepatocytes were not affected by LPS treatment. These results suggest that the MPS (especially Kupffer cells) plays an important role in the regulation of HDL receptor activity in hepatocytes.

[The cooperative effect of hydrocortisone, adrenaline, and high density lipoproteins in regulating the activity of multiple forms of liver hexokinase]. / O kooperativnom éffekte gidrokortizona, adrenalina i lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti v reguliatsii aktivnosti mnozhestvennykh form geksokinazy v pecheni.

High density lipoproteins (HDL) were shown to modulate the effect of hydrocortisone and adrenaline on activity of hexokinase in surviving liver tissue slices. The hormones inhibited the enzymatic activity while in presence of HDL the hormones exhibited an opposite effect. The phenomenon observed was termed a "cooperative effect"; it could not be reproduced by any single components of the system studied. Mechanism of the effect involved induction of all the multiple hexokinase forms which was abolished by actinomycin D. A specific function could be ascribed only to HDL3; HDL2, low and very low density lipoproteins did not exhibit any effects. The cooperative effect of HDL and of the adaptive hormones was also inhibited in the surviving liver tissue slices by vinblastine, gordox and methylamine thus demonstrating the sophisticated nature of the mechanism.

[An evaluation of the course and prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in relation to the presence of circulatory failure]. / Otsenka techeniia i prognoza gipertroficheskoi kardiomiopatii v zavisimosti ot nalichiia nedostatochnosti krovoobrashcheniia.

A total of 55 patients with hypertropic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) with and without circulatory insufficiency were examined at rest and in the restorative period (up to 24 hours) after graded exercise. The serum levels of lactate were measured and the activity of lysosomal enzymes: acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase were assayed. Healthy untrained donors (n = 21) and athletes (n = 12) with moderately working myocardial hypertrophy, as evidenced by echocardiography served as controls. The patients with HCMP had higher lactate levels and enhanced activity of lysosomal enzymes both at rest and during exercise than the controls. Highest hyperenzymia was found in HCMP patients with circulatory insufficiency and in those without the latter who showed progressive disease even with signs of circulatory insufficiency during 6-9 month follow-ups. In these groups, the patients had the lowest capacity to restore after exercise. It is concluded that the high activity of blood lysosomal enzymes in HCMP patients is a poor predictor.

[The receptor binding of 3H-corticosterone by rat hepatocytes]. / Retseptsiia 3H-kortikosterona gepatotsitami kryus.

The binding of 3H-corticosterone was studied on rat hepatocytes both in presence of unlabeled corticosterone, obsidan and their absence at 0 degrees-4 degrees C. The analysis of binding by the method of Scatchard showed that there are two types of specific binding sites for 3H-corticosterone. Possible existence of proper glucocorticoid receptors (Ka = 4 x 10(9)M-1, n = 0.52 x 10(-14) mol/mg prot.) has been shown, as well as possibility of 3H-corticosterone interaction with beta-adrenoreceptors (Ka = 1.2 x 10(9)M-1, n = 0.9 x 10(-14) mol/mg prot.) have been demonstrated on hepatocytes.

[The cooperative effect of hydrocortisone, adrenaline and high-density lipoproteins in regulating liver hexokinase activity]. / Kooperativnyi éffekt gidrokortizona, adrenalina i lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti v reguliatsii aktivnosti geksokinazy pecheni.

The authors described a cooperative effect of glucocorticoids, catecholamines and high density lipoproteins (HDLP), based on increased hexokinase and glucokinase biosynthesis in the liver, resulting in elevated activity of the respective enzymes. This effect was completely blocked by actinomycin-D (a DNA-dependent inhibitor of RNA synthesis), vinblastine (an inhibitor of the microtubular apparatus and intracellular shift) and gordox (an inhibitor of serine proteinases). The modulating effect of HDLP with relation to the adaptive hormones emphasizes the cooperative nature of the new mechanism of enzymatic synthesis induction.

[Features of the regulation of key enzymes involved in glycolysis and the pentosephosphate shunt in tissues with different functional specializations]. / Osobennosti reguliatsii kliuchevykh fermentov glikoliza i pentozofosfatnogo puti v tkanikah s razlichnoi funktsional'noi spetsializatsiei.

Under conditions of acute and chronic stress carbohydrate metabolism was decreased in muscles and liver tissue, increased in adrenal glands and unaltered in brain. cAMP at concentration 10(-5)M decreased the rate of glycolysis in liver tissue and increased it slightly in adrenal glands. The inhibitory effect of cAMP was not decreased by 2',3'-AMP and was reversed completely by the protein inhibitor of proteinkinase. cAMP inhibited hexokinase (HK) isoenzymes 2 and 3 as well as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) isoenzymes 1 and 2, activities of HK 1 and G6PD 3 and 4 were unaltered. The decrease in activities of HK and G6PD appears to be related to phosphorylation of proteinkinase; lack of the effect of cAMP in adrenal glands was apparently due to absence of corresponding cAMP-dependent proteinkinase in this tissue.

[Effect of cAMP of glycolysis and glycogenolysis in the liver and adrenals of white rats]. / Osobennosti deistviia tsAMF na glikoliz in glikogenoliz v pecheni i nadpochechnikakh belykh krys.

The rates of glycolysis and glycogenolysis an the rate of lactate formation from glucoso-6-phosphate (G-6-Ph) in the liver were reduced during stress (starvation). On the contrary, these activities in the adrenals were increased. The rates of lactate formation from fructose diphosphate remained unchanged in both organs. The results obtained attest to the inhibition in the liver and activation in the adrenals of phosphorylase, hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. The degree of hexokinase inhibition in the liver depended on the presence of cAMP, ATP and MgCl2 in the incubation medium and was a consequence of enzymatic phosphorylation. Unlike 2', 3'-AMP, the inhibitory effect of CAMP was highly specific. The protein inhibitor of protein kinase completely reversed the inhibitory effect of cAMP on hexokinase. In the adrenals, cAMP slightly increased the rates of glycolysis and lactate formation from G-6-Ph because of allosteric effects of cAMP. The activation rather than inhibition of glycolysis in the adrenals during stress is probably caused by the absence in this tissue of cAMP-dependent protein kinase which phosphorylates hexokinase.

[Effect of adrenaline, hydrocortisone, insulin and dibutyryl-cAMP on glycolysis and glycogenolysis in white rat liver slices]. / Vliianie adrenalina, gidrokortizona, insulina i dibutiril-tsAMF na glikoliz i glikogenoliz v perezhivaiushchikh srezakh pecheni belykh krys.

Epinephrine, hydrocortisone, and dibutyril cAMP inhibited glycolysis and glucogenolysis. The inhibitory effect was also found when glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) was used as a glycolysis substrate, but not for fructose-1,6-diphosphate. This is the evidence of hexokinase activity inhibition by hormones and dibutyril cAMP, and presumably of phospholylase and phosphofructokinase as well. In the simulated cell-free system the hormones produced no effect, dibutyril cAMP inhibiting hexokinase alone. For the realization of hormones effect their interaction with the cell membrane is required. Inhibition of glycogen and G-6-P decomposition to lactic acid in the rat liver slices was not associated with the hormone action on phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase through cAMP and proteinkinase directly. The results obtained indicated the existence of a supplementary mechanism that modified cAMP effect on the activity of the said enzymes. Insulin was effective in any of the cases.

[Causes of errors in x-ray diagnosis of diseases of the digestive tract]. / Prichiny oshibok v rentgenodiagnostike zabolevanii pishchevaritel'nogo trakta

Eighty three cases of an erroneous x-ray diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were analyzed and compared with operative findings (3269) operations. In 75 observations a divergency in diagnoses was related with pathological conditions of the stomach and pancreatoduodenal zone. The greatest number of erroneous diagnoses is due to an improper interpretation of roentgenological symptoms and underestimation of functional signs of the lesion. Errors in the method of roentgenological studies resulted in a wrong diagnosis. There were 8 cases of incorrect diagnosis in tumors of the small and large bowel, 5--in diseases of the operated stomach and 2--in nonepithelial gastric tumors, these were mostly due to objective difficulties of the differential diagnosis and limitations of the roentgenological method of investigation.