ABSTRACT
This overview presents the physical principles, design, measurement capabilities, and summary of planned operations of the autonomous detector of radiation of neutrons onboard rover at Mars (ADRON-RM) on the surface of Mars. ADRON-RM is a Russian project selected for the joint European Space Agency-Roscosmos ExoMars 2020 landing mission. A compact passive neutron spectrometer, ADRON-RM, was designed to study the abundance and distribution of water and neutron absorption elements (such as Cl, Fe, and others) in the martian subsurface along the path of the ExoMars rover. Key Words: Mars exploration-Surface-Neutron Spectroscopy-Water. Astrobiology 17, 585-594.
ABSTRACT
We studied new immunological and physicochemical properties of K-activin, immunotropic preparation from porcine skin isolated by the acetone method. The preparation restored the sensitivity of background rosette-forming cells in the spleen of thymectomized mice to the inhibitory effect of azathioprine in vivo and practically normalized serum thymic activity reduced in thymectomized mice. The molecular weight of proteins present in K-activin and previously detected by SDS-PAAG electrophoresis was determined by MALDI mass spectrometry
Subject(s)
Dermatologic Agents/pharmacology , Skin , Spleen/drug effects , Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Animals , Azathioprine/metabolism , Dermatologic Agents/chemistry , Dermatologic Agents/immunology , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Skin/chemistry , Skin/immunology , Spleen/cytology , SwineABSTRACT
Mitochondrial substrate-based preparations corrected disorders, caused by long-term exposure to abnormal gravitation vector in head-down tilt (hanging) test in rats. The preparations produced systemic and polyorgan protective effects consisting in correction of the blood prooxidant/antioxidant balance, energy metabolism in musculus soleus, and minimization of morphological changes in the liver and kidneys.
Subject(s)
Energy Metabolism , Gravitation , Head-Down Tilt , Mitochondria/metabolism , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Malates/pharmacology , Male , Oxidants/blood , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Succinic Acid/pharmacologyABSTRACT
After 55 days of mapping by the High Energy Neutron Detector onboard Mars Odyssey, we found deficits of high-energy neutrons in the southern highlands and northern lowlands of Mars. These deficits indicate that hydrogen is concentrated in the subsurface. Modeling suggests that water ice-rich layers that are tens of centimeters in thickness provide one possible fit to the data.
