ABSTRACT
In the framework of the Italian TOP-IMPLART project (Regione Lazio), ENEA-Frascati, ISS and IFO are developing and constructing the first proton linear accelerator based on an actively scanned beam for tumor radiotherapy with final energy of 150 MeV. An important feature of this accelerator is modularity: an exploitable beam can be delivered at any stage of its construction, which allows for immediate characterization and virtually continuous improvement of its performance. Currently, a sequence of 3 GHz accelerating modules combined with a commercial injector operating at 425 MHz delivers protons up to 35 MeV. Several dosimetry systems were used to obtain preliminary characteristics of the 35-MeV beam in terms of stability and homogeneity. Short-term stability and homogeneity better than 3% and 2.6%, respectively, were demonstrated; for stability an improvement with respect to the respective value obtained for the previous 27 MeV beam.
Subject(s)
Particle Accelerators/instrumentation , Protons , Radiometry/instrumentation , Radiometry/methods , Equipment Design , Radiation DosageABSTRACT
The first proton linear accelerator for tumor therapy based on an actively scanned beam up to the energy of 150 MeV, is under development and construction by ENEA-Frascati, ISS and IFO, under the Italian TOP-IMPLART project. Protons up to the energy of 7 MeV are generated by a customized commercial injector operating at 425 MHz; currently three accelerating modules allow proton delivery with energy up to 27 MeV. Beam homogeneity and reproducibility were studied using a 2D ionizing chamber, EBT3 films, a silicon diode, MOSFETs, LiF crystals and alanine dosimetry systems. Measurements were taken in air with the detectors at ~1 m from the beam line exit window. The maximum energy impinging on the detectors surface was 24.1 MeV, an energy suitable for radiobiological studies. Results showed beam reproducibility within 5% and homogeneity within 4%, on a circular surface of 16 mm in diameter.
Subject(s)
Film Dosimetry/instrumentation , Film Dosimetry/methods , Particle Accelerators/instrumentation , Protons , Fluorides/chemistry , Linear Energy Transfer , Lithium Compounds/chemistry , Silicon/chemistryABSTRACT
The DNCB skin test was carried out on 47 patients with solid tumours. Fifteen deaths were noted among subject displaying a negative response and in 1/24 positives. A statistically significant relation was found between negativity and several blood chemistry parameters: increased IgG, positive PCR, inversion of the A/G ratio and the fall in peripheral lymphocytes. The method employed for the test is described.
