ABSTRACT
The paper introduces an efficient solution for the realisation of frequency-selective devices which can shield non-ionising radiation in the radiofrequency and microwave bandwidths. The identified hardware is transparent to visible light and it can be adapted to the shielding needs, both in terms of frequency and spatial behaviours. Being transparent, it can be effectively applied on windows that normally offer the worst attenuation coefficient to outdoor versus indoor penetration. The solution exhibits enhanced performance, it can be analysed with fast but exact numerical techniques and it can be manufactured by low-cost industrial procedures. To demonstrate the validity of the approach, an example has been designed, analysed and applied to the frequency spectrum occupied by upcoming wideband access base stations.
Subject(s)
Body Burden , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Radiation Protection/methods , Computer-Aided Design , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Humans , Microwaves , Radiation Dosage , Radio Waves , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The article analyses the applicability of traditional methods, as well as recently proposed techniques, to the exposure assessment of electromagnetic field generated by wireless transmitters. As is well known, a correct measurement of the electromagnetic field is conditioned by the complexity of the signal, which requires dedicated instruments or specifically developed extrapolation techniques. Nevertheless, it is also influenced by the typology of the deployment of the transmitting and receiving stations, which varies from network to network. These aspects have been intensively analysed in the literature and several cases of study are available for review. The present article collects the most recent analyses and discusses their applicability to different scenarios, typical of the main wireless networking applications: broadcasting services, mobile cellular networks and data access provisioning infrastructures.
Subject(s)
Body Burden , Computer Communication Networks , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Telemetry , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Humans , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation , Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The paper illustrates an experimental set-up used to monitor over long periods the peak and average power associated with a complex analogue modulated signal. The procedure was applied to a standard PAL television transmission. The measurement was carried out from a remote location, and a complete tele-measuring system was designed, configured and tested. Following the application of the measuring system to some real cases, interesting statistical results illustrating long-period exposure values were reported.
Subject(s)
Electromagnetic Fields , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radio Waves , Radiometry/instrumentation , Radiometry/methods , Software , Algorithms , Equipment Failure Analysis , Italy , Models, Statistical , Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Systems Integration , User-Computer InterfaceABSTRACT
The paper illustrates the limits and performances of different experimental monitoring techniques, which are applied to digitally modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields used for mobile telecommunications. Different experimental set-ups have been developed, verified and applied for the analysis and characterisation of wide band probes and narrow band measuring procedures.
