ABSTRACT
The installation of metal devices leads to an increase in the salivary concentration of metal ions and in the growth of salivary Candida spp. However, the relationship between released metal ions and Candida virulence has not been previously examined. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether metal ions affect fungal virulence. We prepared culture media containing Ni(2+), Fe(3+), Cr(3+), Co(2+) or a mixture of these metal ions at concentrations similar to those released in saliva of orthodontic patients. Biofilms of Candida albicans SC5314 were grown for 72 h and their biomasses were determined. The supernatants were analyzed for secretory aspartyl protease (SAP) and hemolysin activities. To verify changes in virulence following treatment with metals, proteolytic and hemolytic activities were converted into specific activities. The results revealed that all ions, except Co(2+), caused increases in biofilm biomass. In addition, Ni(2+) caused an increase in SAP activity and Fe(3+) reduced hemolytic activity. However, the SAP and hemolysin activities in the presence of the mixture of ions did not differ from those of control. These results indicate that metal ions released during the degradation of orthodontic appliances can modulate virulence factors in C. albicans biofilms.
Subject(s)
Biofilms/drug effects , Biofilms/growth & development , Candida albicans/drug effects , Candida albicans/physiology , Metals/metabolism , Orthodontic Appliances/microbiology , Aspartic Acid Proteases/metabolism , Biomass , Candida albicans/pathogenicity , Cations/metabolism , Culture Media/chemistry , Hemolysin Proteins/metabolism , Humans , VirulenceABSTRACT
Oral focal mucinosis is an uncommon clinicopathologic condition that is considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis. It is a disease of unknown etiology where the connective tissue undergoes a focal myxoid degeneration. A literature review disclosed 47 published cases of oral focal mucinosis. An additional case is presented; the clinical and histologic differential diagnosis, sex, age, location, treatment, and recurrence are discussed.
Subject(s)
Gingival Diseases/pathology , Mucinoses/pathology , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , HumansABSTRACT
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Celiac disease is a chronic intestinal disease caused by intolerance to gluten associated with poor digestion and absorption of the majority of nutrients and vitamins, which may affect both developing dentition and oral mucosa. The aim of this study is to make a brief review of the literature about celiac disease and to report on a clinical case, showing the impact it may have on the general and oral health. A 39-year-old woman reported the presence of diarrhea, nauseas, flatulence, colic, difficulty with falling asleep, lack of appetite and loose of 18 Kg in the last two years. She also noted the appearance of symptomatic lesions in the mouth. These lesions had a mean duration of a month and occurred in any region of the oral mucosa, particularly on the tongue. Multiples ulcerations were found in thesublingual caruncula region, at the vestibular fornix and at the lingual apex. Topical treatment was instituted for the oral lesions with immediately relief of the symptoms. The diagnosis of celiac disease was established by means of medical clinical exam, biopsy of the small intestine, and by the presence of specific antibodies in the blood. The patient has been instructed to follow a gluten-free diet. Multiprofessional action with the involvement of a gastroenterologist and other health professionals, such as dentists, is important for diagnosing the disease and guiding the patient withceliac disease to achieve a good quality of life
