ABSTRACT
We report a dual genotype Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in Vietnam in 2016. The patient had fever, rash, and an eschar. The Kawasaki genotype was identified in the eschar specimen and Karp genotype in the whole blood specimen. The genotype co-infection rate for scrub typhus is unknown and should be further evaluated.
Subject(s)
Bites and Stings/diagnosis , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Genotype , Orientia tsutsugamushi/genetics , Scrub Typhus/diagnosis , Administration, Oral , Adult , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Bites and Stings/drug therapy , Bites and Stings/microbiology , Bites and Stings/pathology , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Drug Administration Schedule , Exanthema/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Mites/microbiology , Orientia tsutsugamushi/classification , Orientia tsutsugamushi/drug effects , Orientia tsutsugamushi/isolation & purification , Scrub Typhus/drug therapy , Scrub Typhus/microbiology , Scrub Typhus/pathology , VietnamABSTRACT
Deep-cryopreservation (at –196oC) of human spermatozoa in glycerol, GEYC and sperm freeze media shows that after preservation, the quality of spermatozoa is the same in GEYC and sperm freeze but higher in glycerol medium with statistically significant level (p<0.01). The CSF of deep-cryopreservation of human spermatozoa in GEYC and sperm freeze media reached an efficacy of CSF 50%.
Subject(s)
Humans , Spermatozoa , Cryopreservation , GlycerolABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of the quantity of methylene chloride, used as a carrier solvent for phenanthrene when added to soil, on phenanthrene mineralization kinetics, soil phospholipid fatty add profiles (PLFA), and phenanthrene distribution. Methylene chloride dosages of 25 microL/g soil or more resulted in an enrichment of saturated PLFAs, suggesting soil microorganisms had adjusted their cell membranes in response to the solvent. A greater fraction of phenanthrene mineralized when spiked in 5 microL/g than in 25 microL/g methylene chloride suggesting that the methylene chloride became toxic to phenanthrene-degrading organisms in soil. Phenanthrene was more equally distributed among 0.1 g soil subsamples if spiked in 25 than 5 or 1 microL methylene chloride per gram soil. Thus the amount of methylene chloride used to spike phenanthrene in soil strongly impacted the mineralization kinetics, phenanthrene distribution, and microbial community in soil. Because a variety of spiking methods are used in biodegradation research, scientists should consider the quantity of solvents used when comparing results among different studies.
