Comparative Study of Microbial Adhesion on Different Orthodontic Brackets - An In Vivo Study.

Aim: To study the microbial adhesion on different orthodontic brackets (conventional, ceramic, and self-ligating brackets). Materials and Methods: Three types of bracket systems i.e. self-ligating, conventional, and ceramic brackets were used consisting of 10 patients for each bracket system. Out of 30 patients 20 patients will be treated with conventional and ceramic brackets, in which, in one-half of the mouth steel ligature ties are placed and in the other half elastomeric rings would be placed. We collected swabs from the central incisors and first premolars of the both the right and left sides of both the maxillary and mandibular arches. The samples were collected three times from the above-mentioned teeth once prior to the placement of the brackets, the second and third samples after one and three months respectively. Result: Significant variations were between the pretreatment and after one and three months of bracket placement in all three groups. Significant increase in the microbial adhesion of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in conventional bracket form pretreatment to one and three months after bracket placement is seen. Although the colony formed by anaerobic bacteria is more in number in comparison to the aerobic bacteria. Conclusion: Our study reveals that the most hygienic bracket is a self-ligating bracket that should be used in patients who have poor oral hygiene. We also found that using steel ligature is more suitable as compared to elastomeric ligature in both conventional and ceramic brackets.

To Evaluate the Antimicrobial Activity of PRP and PRF with and without Nanosilver.

Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of PRP and PRF with and without nanosilver. Materials and Methods: The materials were tested in powdered form is nanosilver. The nanosilver particles was mixed to form with PRP and PRF so as to placed in a wells followed the groups are experimental groups; Group I: PRP + nanosilver particles, Group II: PRF + nanosilver and control group: PRP and PRF and normal saline. Silver nanoparticles was tested at concentrations of 50 µ gram per mL. The powder was prepared for each group with identical amount of the powder (milligram/mg) and then mixed with 1 milliliter liquid. The plates are then incubated at 37°C under appropriate atmospheric conditions (80% N2, 10% CO2, 10% H2) for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours under anaerobic conditions in a CO2 incubator. The diameters of the zones of bacterial and fungal growth inhibition around the wells containing the test substances are then recorded after the period of incubation. The inhibitory zone determined in millimeter by measuring scale the shortest distance between the outer margin of the well and initial microbial as well as fungal growth. The experiments were performed 20 times and the mean and standard deviations of the inhibitory zones were calculated. Result: Platelet rich fibrin is mixed with nanosilver particles showed higher antimicrobial efficacy than platelet rich plasma with nanosilver and simple platelet rich plasma and platelet rich fibrin are equivalent when it is placed against the anaerobic bacteria E.faecalis and yeast like fungi Candida albicans, respectively. Conclusion: Groups presented with antimicrobial efficacy in this order- Group IV > Group II > Group III > Group I.

Association of 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME) Plasma Levels with Clinical Severity Indices and Biomarkers of Preeclampsia.

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia has been extensively studied. 2ME seems to maintain placental homeostasis necessary for appropriate cytotrophoblast invasion of the maternal deciduas. We plan this study to compare its value in the plasma of normotensive and preeclamptic women and studying its correlation with the severity indices of preeclampsia. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate plasma levels of 2ME in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women and correlate it with the severity in terms of clinical indices, laboratory investigations, and fetomaternal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a case-control study conducted in KGMU, Lucknow, August 2015-2016. Sample size was 90 pregnant women including 30 normotensive, 30 non-severe preeclampsia, and 30 severe preeclampsia patients. Plasma 2ME levels were analyzed using ELISA kit and the outcome was compared in terms of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, proteinuria, liver and renal function tests, serum LDH, uric acid, plasma 2ME levels, and fetomaternal outcome. RESULTS: There was a significant (p = 0.0001) difference in 2ME plasma levels among the groups (normotensive, non severe and severe preeclampsia patients). 2ME plasma levels significantly negatively correlated with SBP (r = - 0.62, p = 0.0001) and DBP (r = - 0.63, p = 0.0001). With one-unit increase in SBP, 2ME will decrease by 2445.14 units, and in one-unit increase in DBP, 2ME will decrease by 1807.28 units. The sensitivity and specificity of 2ME for preeclampsia were found to be high. CONCLUSION: It was seen that there was a statistically significant difference between plasma 2ME levels among the three groups. The ROC curve obtained showed that sensitivity was predicted to be 98.3%, specificity 76.7%, positive predictive value of 89.4%, negative predictive value of 95.8% and accuracy of 91.1%.

Transabdominal ultrasound-guided Gartner's abscess drainage, a rare cause of acute urinary retention in second trimester of pregnancy.

Acute retention of urine in pregnancy is an emergency, since it can lead to loss of pregnancy besides other dire complications. Gartner's abscess is an extremely rare cause for this condition. We present a case of a 23-year-old primigravida woman who presented to us at 24 weeks of pregnancy with acute retention of urine. After clinical and radiological evaluation, a large Gartner's abscess was found to be the cause. Per vaginal drainage of the abscess was not attempted because insertion of transvaginal probe was extremely painful for the patient, and the abscess was located high up in the anterior fornix. Transabdominal approach under sonographic guidance was used for the drainage of the abscess. Careful aspiration of the abscess, avoiding injury to the placenta, fetus and maternal bladder, revealed 60 cc of frank pus. The patient was given injection hydroxyprogesterone caproate and antibiotics in the preprocedure period. Antibiotics were continued in the postprocedure period, and she was discharged at 26 weeks of pregnancy in satisfactory condition.

Salvage from cervical dystocia in third degree uterovaginal prolapse: Duhrssen's incision.

We present a case of a 28-year-old woman second gravida with a full-term pregnancy who presented to us in active phase of labour with third degree uterovaginal prolapse complicated by entrapment of fetal head by dystocia of cervix and fetal distress. Patient was immediately shifted to the operation theatre and prompt delivery was conducted by giving Duhrssen's incision on the highly vascular, oedematous prolapsed cervix. The outcome was an alive and healthy male baby. Duhrssen's incision was stitched with minimal blood loss. Postnatal management included antibiotics and daily intravaginal packing. Patient was discharged along with the baby in satisfactory condition.