[Status of lipid metabolism in rabbits, delivered from females with moderate alimentary hypercholesterolemia]. / Sostoianie lipidnogo obmena u krolikov, rodivshikhsia ot samok s umerennoi alimentarnoi giperkholesteinemiei.

Offspring of rabbits fed with cholesterol diet during pregnancy and/or lactation was more sensitive to fat load versus the offspring of rabbits fed with standard diet. Such enhancement of hyperlipidemic reaction is predominantly due to the enhanced rate of blood cholesterol increase (i.e., secretion of cholesterol-containing lipoproteins) but not to the decreased rate of cholesterol elimination from the blood stream. This was confirmed by monitoring the fate of human low-density lipoproteins intravenously injected in rabbits. The data indicate certain alterations of cholesterol metabolism regulation in the offspring of rabbits with alimentary hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia of pregnant and lactating rabbits is important for the formation of the lipid metabolism in their offspring because cholesterol levels in the serum of female rabbits positively correlate with the expression of hypercholesterolemic and hypertriglyceridemia reactions of their offspring in response to fat load and with kinetic parameters which characterize the increase in cholesterol and its elimination from the blood stream during fat load.

[Level of lipids and apolipoproteins in obesity]. / Uroven' lipidov i apolipoproteinov pri ozhirenii.

The level of lipids and apolipoproteins was studied in the serum of patients with various degrees of obesity without hormonal impairments in order to find interrelationship between obesity and atherosclerosis development. 14 men and 42 women aged 19-59 years were examined. Concentration of triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol was distinctly higher in obese patients of both sexes than in normal weight persons. However, content of apo A-I and apo B was similar in blood of both obese and normal persons, while concentration of apo E was higher in obesity. In obesity, the ratio HDL cholesterol/A-I was decreased, thus indicating that the HDL3/HDL2 ratio was altered, showing a decreased content of the latter subfraction. The findings suggest that impairment in metabolism of mainly HDL and VLDL subfractions occurred in patients with obesity. These impairments were atherogenic and may be responsible for a high risk for atherosclerosis and heart ischemic disease in obese patients.

[The efficacy of substances with antihypoxic action in experimental hyperlipidemia]. / Effektivnost' veshchestv antigipoksicheskogo deistviia pri éksperimental'noi giperlipidemii.

Experiments on rats, guinea pigs and rabbits with hyperlipidemia induced by high-cholesterol diet have revealed that the specific antihypoxic drug oliphen has hypolipidemic effect which is least pronounced in oral GABA. Oliphen causes a significant increase in alpha-cholesterol (antiatherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol) decreased by hyperlipidemia. It is suggested that oliphen improves hepatic receptor-dependent uptake and atherogenic lipoprotein degradation.

[The hypolipidemic action of water-soluble enterosorbents of cholesterol and bile acids in an experiment]. / Gipolipidemicheskoe deistvie vodorastvorimykh énterosorbentov kholesterina i zhelchnykh kislot v éksperimente.

Experiments on rats, guinea pigs and rabbits with experimental dyslipoproteinemia have revealed that the new water-soluble high-molecular weight polymers containing digitonin (ED) or a quaternary nitrogen atom (EA) have a more marked hypolipidemic action than cholestyramine and normalize lipoprotein metabolism. The digitonin-containing enterosorbent has been shown to decrease the absorption of 4-14C-cholesterol, while the nitrogen-containing enterosorbent diminishes the absorption of 3H-cholic acid.

[The hypolipidemic activity of natural substances]. / Gipolipidemicheskaia aktivnost' veshchestv prirodnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Experiments on guinea pigs and rats have revealed that thiazole derivatives of isoflavone has a beneficial effects on disturbed lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. New phospholipid complexes enriched with vitamins have been demonstrated to produce a hypolipidemic effect. Sulfated chitosans decrease lipid infiltration of the liver and elevate serum high density lipoprotein levels in rats.

[Experimental and clinical study of Vasosan P, a new form of pectin-enriched cholestyramine]. / Eksperimental'noe i klinicheskoe izuchenie vasozana P--novoi formy kholestiramina, obogashchennogo pektinom.

The bile acid sequestering agent Vasosan P is a new form of pectin-enriched cholestyramine (20%), saccharose (5%) and sorbic acid (0.18%). In comparison with cholestyramine Vasosan P has a more marked hypolipidemic effect in experiment. Vasosan P is remarkable for good organoleptic properties. It is effective in treating patients with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia and practically has no side effects as cholestyramine.

[Acceptance of cholesterol by high density lipoproteins in people with dys-alpha-lipoproteinemia and the possible role of apoprotein E in this process]. / Aktseptsiia kholesterina lipoproteinami vysokoi plotnosti u lits s dis-alpha-lipoproteinemiei i vozmozhnaia rol' v étom protesse apoproteina E.

Both subfraction "2" of high density lipoproteins (HDL2) from patients with hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia and subfraction HDL3 from persons with normal content of cholesterol were shown to accept the erythrocyte membranes cholesterol in vitro. Under these conditions HDL3 subfraction was transformed into HDL2-like particles, where content of unesterified cholesterol and its esters was increased simultaneously with enlargement of the particles size. The HDL subfraction, isolated from persons with high content of cholesterol, did not accept cholesterol under the experimental conditions. Apoprotein E, containing in the HDL subfractions, was not responsible for the particles cholesterol-accepting properties. Apoprotein E itself was capable of cholesterol elimination from erythrocytes as well as of cholesterol esters from HDL3 and HDL2-like particles with formation of a specific complex.

[Serum lipids in men, native rural inhabitants of the foothills of Kirghizia]. / Lipidy syvorotki krovi muzhchin, korennykh sel'skikh zhitelei predgorii Kirgizii.

Low level of total cholesterol simultaneously with high content of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins were found in blood serum of Kirghiz countrymen. The lower concentrations of cholesterol were observed in blood serum of countrymen of the district, where the diet involved mainly milk-vegetable food containing high amounts of cotton oil. At the same time, ischemic heart disease was distributed much more rarely. With ageing concentration of cholesterol in blood did not increase.

[Ischemic heart disease, arterial pressure and the lipid composition of the blood in men over 80 in Leningrad (epidemiological survey data)]. / Ishemicheskaia bolezn' serdtsa, arterial'noe davlenie i lipidnyi sostav krovi u muzhchin starshe 80 let v Leningrade (dannye épidemiologicheskogo obsledovaniia).

A total of 96 males aged 80 to 92 (98% of the persons of this age and sex residing in October 1, 1983, in one of the administrative districts in Leningrad) were examined at home by standardized methods. Arterial pressure (AP) was measured and ECG at rest was recorded; 73 persons living an active life were interviewed using a WHO questionnaire with regard to angina pectoris of effort. The blood lipid composition was studied in 54 persons. Systolic arterial hypertension (AP greater than or equal to 160 mm) was found in 65.6%, AP greater than or equal to 190 mm in 21.9%, isolated diastolic arterial hypertension was not detected, together with systolic hypertension it was observed in 10.4%. The blood lipid composition in males over 80 was characterized by rather low total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and quite a low atherogeneity rate (3.3 +/- 0.26 U). Epidemiological CHD diagnosis was established in 45.7% of the persons examined including myocardial infarction in the anamnesis in 16.7%. The results obtained indicate to more frequent associations of CHD with a high AP and tendencies to an atherogenic shift of the blood lipid fractions.

[Age and dynamics of the chief blood lipid indices among the adult population of Leningrad]. / Vozrastnaia dinamika osnovnykh lipidnykh pokazatelei krovi sredi vzroslogo naseleniia Leningrada.

Variations in the blood levels of total cholesterol (C), triglycerides, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDLPC , HDLPC ) and atherogenicity ratio were examined over time in 4841 men and 2323 women living in Leningrad. The mean values of the parameters studied were established for different age groups. Considerable differences were revealed in the blood lipid profile in men versus women. Higher levels of HDLPC and lower concentrations of LDLPC in women under 50 as compared with age-matched men account for a later development and milder course of coronary heart disease in premenopausal women.

[Changes in blood lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia among men aged 40-49 years engaged in stressful mental work (second examination)]. / Izmenenie urovnia lipidov v krovi i rasprostranennost' yipov giperlipoproteidemii v gruppe muzhchin 40-49 let, zaniatykh napriazhennym umstvennym trudom (povtornoe issledovanie).

A repeated (in 6.4 years) clinical examination of males engaged in strenuous mental work revealed a considerable increase in the number of individuals with hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol levels of over 270 mg%) and hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride levels of over 200 mg%). The examined group as a whole and a subgroup of healthy subjects exhibited a substantially lower concentration of alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol and a higher cholesterol coefficient of atherogenicity as against the data from the population studies of age-matched men without coronary heart disease conducted in Leningrad and Novosibirsk. Predominantly type II lipoproteinemia was observed in 25.8% of men aged 40-49 years engaged in activities involving intensive mental efforts.

[Surgical correction of hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Khirurgicheskaia korrektsiia giperlipoproteidemii u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

The experimental results obtained in 102 animals showing a beneficial effect of partial ileac bypass on hyperlipoproteinemia and experimentally-induced atherosclerosis prompted the authors to perform this surgical intervention in 34 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and attendant hyperlipoproteinemia resistant to therapeutic agents. The follow up period was up to five years. The patients exhibited a persistent and substantial decrease in blood lipids and atherogenic lipoproteins, a reduced incidence of angina attacks and an improved CHD course. Furthermore, the surgery resulted in a considerable and stable elevation of the cholesterol levels of antiatherogenic high density lipoproteins (by an average of 85,3%) and in a 45.8% decrease of the cholesterol coefficient of atherogenicity which contributes to atherosclerosis regression.

[Concentration of lipids and apolipoproteins A-1 and E in blood plasma of men with acute alcohol intoxication]. / Kontsentratsiia lipidov i apolipoproteinov A-1 i E v plazme krovi muzhchin pri ostroi alkogol'noi intoksikatsii.

Content of lipids and apolipoproteins A-1 and E was studied in blood plasma of men with acute alcohol intoxication as well as within 10-12 hrs after their treatment in a special clinic. Acute alcohol intoxication caused a distinct increase of triglycerides as well as of cholesterol in high and very low density lipoproteins simultaneously with decrease in content of cholesterol in low density lipoproteins. At the same time, content of apolipoprotein A-1 was increased and of apo E--unaltered. Within 12 hrs after treatment of the men concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol of very low density lipoproteins became quite normal but the other patterns studied did not alter. Alcohol appears to affect the distribution of cholesterol between individual lipoprotein fractions in blood. This process depended distinctly on alteration of apo A-1 concentration in blood plasma.

[Lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and blood plasma lipids in senility and longevity in men and women from Georgia and Kirghizia]. / Lipoproteidy, apolipoproteiny i lipidy plazmy krovi u lits starcheskogo vozrasta i dolgozhitelei Gruzii i Kirgizii.

In men with increase of age from senile to longevity content of total cholesterol was practically unaltered (182 and 184 mg/100 ml), concentration of cholesterol in LPHD was increased from 52 mg up to 58.3 mg/100 ml simultaneously with unaltered content of LPLD cholesterol (102 mg/100 ml) and of LPVLD cholesterol (27.1 and 27 mg/100 ml). Triglycerides decreased from 136 mg down to 101 mg/100 ml. In women content of total blood cholesterol was about 218 mg/100 ml in senile age and 204 mg/100 ml in longevity and concentration of LPHD cholesterol--61 mg and 64.6 mg/100 ml, respectively. Contrary to men, in women a distinct decrease in content of LPLD cholesterol (from 127 mg to 110 mg/100 ml) as well as of triglycerides (from 154 to 145 mg/100 ml) were found on transition from senile age to longevity. Concentration of the apolipoproteins studied was unaltered in men on transition from senile age to longevity and in women concentration of apolipoprotein A-I decreased from 143 mg to 130 mg/100 ml and of apo-E from 11.1 mg to 9.2 mg/100 ml. The decrease in LPLD cholesterol content and increase of LPHD cholesterol, simultaneously with relatively low content of total blood cholesterol, appear to be considered among the reasons responsible for longevity and lesser risk of heart ischemic disease.

[Quantitative histoenzymological and biochemical studies of the stages of atherogenesis in human coronary arteries (based on the data of early autopsies]. / Kolichestvennoe gistoénzimologicheskoe i biokhimicheskoe issledovanie étapov aterogeneza v koronarnykh arteriiakh cheloveka (po matarialam rannikh vskrytii).

Histochemical methods were used to study the dynamics of activity of energetic metabolism enzymes (EME) in cell elements of the human coronary artery (CA) wall in comparison with biochemical values of lipid metabolism in the plasma. The development of CA atherosclerosis was shown to be determined to a large extent by reciprocal relations of antiatherogenic alpha-lipoproteins and atherogenic beta-lipoproteins in their influence on EME activity. An increased EME activity at early stages of atherogenesis (lipid plaque) is an adaptation to changed homeostasis. The lipid plaque is a turning point in the process of metabolic adaptation. Evolution of atherosclerotic changes is accompanied by disjunction and transformation of correlative connections between EME activity in CA wall cells.