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1.
EClinicalMedicine ; 32: 100727, 2021 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33554094

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Global assessment of antimicrobial agents prescribed to infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts. METHODS: We conducted a one-day global point prevalence study of all antimicrobials provided to NICU infants. Demographic, clinical, and microbiologic data were obtained including NICU level, census, birth weight, gestational/chronologic age, diagnoses, antimicrobial therapy (reason for use; length of therapy), antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), and 30-day in-hospital mortality. FINDINGS: On July 1, 2019, 26% of infants (580/2,265; range, 0-100%; median gestational age, 33 weeks; median birth weight, 1800 g) in 84 NICUs (51, high-income; 33, low-to-middle income) from 29 countries (14, high-income; 15, low-to-middle income) in five continents received ≥1 antimicrobial agent (92%, antibacterial; 19%, antifungal; 4%, antiviral). The most common reasons for antibiotic therapy were "rule-out" sepsis (32%) and "culture-negative" sepsis (16%) with ampicillin (40%), gentamicin (35%), amikacin (19%), vancomycin (15%), and meropenem (9%) used most frequently. For definitive treatment of presumed/confirmed infection, vancomycin (26%), amikacin (20%), and meropenem (16%) were the most prescribed agents. Length of therapy for culture-positive and "culture-negative" infections was 12 days (median; IQR, 8-14) and 7 days (median; IQR, 5-10), respectively. Mortality was 6% (42%, infection-related). An NICU ASP was associated with lower rate of antibiotic utilization (p = 0·02). INTERPRETATION: Global NICU antibiotic use was frequent and prolonged regardless of culture results. NICU-specific ASPs were associated with lower antibiotic utilization rates, suggesting the need for their implementation worldwide. FUNDING: Merck & Co.; The Ohio State University College of Medicine Barnes Medical Student Research Scholarship.

2.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 27(4): 211-221, oct.-dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638353

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis meníngea (TBM) es la manifestación extra- pulmonar más común de la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis y constituye un grave problema de salud pública en los países en desarrollo. El riesgo de progresión de tuberculosis primaria a TBM es mayor en los niños, principalmente en los menores de 5 años. Esta entidad representa el 20- 40% de todos los tipos de tuberculosis en los niños, comparada con 2.9 - 5.9% en adultos. A pesar de la terapia antituberculosa, la mortalidad y las secuelas neurológicas asociadas son muy altas. La literatura disponible acerca de los factores pronósticos, en países en desarrollo, es limitada. Los principales factores de riesgo descritos para pobre pronóstico, incluyendo mortalidad, son el estadio III de la enfermedad, el coma profundo y la edad menor de 2 años; otros factores reportados, aunque no de manera consistente en la mayoría de las series, son las proteínas en el líquido cefalorraquídeo mayores de 100 mg/dL, la hipertonía, el manejo tardío de la hidrocefalia, la presencia de infartos cerebrales, el déficit focal al ingreso, la parálisis de nervios craneales y las convulsiones. En las series publicadas de TBM en niños, la mortalidad oscila entre el 7.5 % y el 22 %. En Colombia se ha reportado una mortalidad del 17%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mortality , Prognosis , Tuberculosis, Meningeal , Neurology
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