Subject(s)
Association Learning , Behavior, Animal , Conditioning, Classical , Learning , Problem Solving , Animals , Female , Generalization, Psychological , Humans , Male , Orientation , Rats , Stereotyped Behavior , Transfer, PsychologyABSTRACT
Two problems have been dealth with: a) are rats able by self-learning to form purposive associations, involving elements of reasoning object activity and b) at what age period are they most capable of purposive tool activity. The experiments were performed on 55 rats aged from two to three, five to six and eight to ten months. It was established that tool activity in rats appeared on the 14th to 34th experimental day in 14.5% of all the experimental animals. By age groups the activity was distributed as follows; at the age of two to three months the problem presented was solved by 10% of the individuals, at five to six months -- by 30% and at eight to ten months, by 0%. Thus tool thinking as one of the forms of animals' higher adaptation to surroundings, is inherent not only in anthropoids but in species much lower in the evolutionary scale. By the form of its realization thinking activity in rats is less plastic than in apes and in our experimental conditions, it was not exhibited by all the rats.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Problem Solving , Age Factors , Animals , Biological Evolution , Female , Male , RatsABSTRACT
Age dynamics of development and variability of properties of the nervous system type was studied in the same animals (31 dogs) at the age from one month to ten years. Individual typological differences in the properties of the dogs' nervous processes were clearly manifested at the age of four to seven and a half months. Three phases were singled out in the development and variability of the properties: I--development phase; II--stabilization phase; III--extinction phase. In ontogenesis, the dogs displayed great differences in the degree of manifestation and the beginning of the phases. Relative stabilization of nervous system properties already set in by the beginning of puberty in dogs of the weak type (seven months of postnatal life) and at mature age in dogs of the strong type. Some elements of general behaviour of dogs of different nervous system types and the duration of the animals life, in relation to the nervous system type have been outlined.
Subject(s)
Conditioning, Classical/physiology , Individuality , Nervous System/growth & development , Aging , Animals , Caffeine/pharmacology , Conditioning, Classical/drug effects , Dogs , Genetics, Behavioral , Neural InhibitionABSTRACT
The properties of nervous processes: mobility and strength (capacity for work), were determined by the Khilchenko method in healthy subjects learning the trade of an automobile driver. People with different individual typological characteristics of higher nervous activity displayed significant differences in EEG energo-frequency parameters of different brain areas. It has been shown that EEG of practically healthy people at rest, in conjunction with other informative psycho-physiological data, offers promise for appraising the individual typological characteristics of a person in predicting the professional suitability for driving automobiles.
Subject(s)
Automobile Driving , Brain/physiology , Learning/physiology , Occupational Medicine , Adult , Alpha Rhythm , Delta Rhythm , Electroencephalography , Humans , Work Capacity EvaluationABSTRACT
Animals with high, low and medium resistance to hypoxia were selected by repetitive tests under a vacuum bell. It has been shown that most rats with high resistance to hypoxia are characterized by strong basic nervous processes. The majority of animals with low resistance and all the animals with medium resistance to hypoxia exhibit signs of the weak type higher nervous activity.
