ABSTRACT
There exist numerous genes disseminated by mobile elements that can confer cross-resistance to lincosamides and streptogramin A compounds in staphylococci. This study investigated the nature and means of dissemination of genes responsible for LSA resistance among 24 French clinical isolates screened for reduced susceptibility to lincomycin. The vga(A)v gene was found to be the most prevalent determinant of LSA resistance, while Tn5406 appeared to be its exclusive gene support.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Infections by A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (ACB) complex isolates represent a serious threat for wounded and burn patients. Three international multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones (EU clone I-III) are responsible for a large proportion of nosocomial infections with A. baumannii but other emerging strains with high epidemic potential also occur. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We automatized a Multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) protocol and used it to investigate the genetic diversity of 136 ACB isolates from four military hospitals and one childrens hospital. Acinetobacter sp other than baumannii isolates represented 22.6% (31/137) with a majority being A. pittii. The genotyping protocol designed for A.baumannii was also efficient to cluster A. pittii isolates. Fifty-five percent of A. baumannii isolates belonged to the two international clones I and II, and we identified new clones which members were found in the different hospitals. Analysis of two CRISPR-cas systems helped define two clonal complexes and provided phylogenetic information to help trace back their emergence. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The increasing occurrence of A. baumannii infections in the hospital calls for measures to rapidly characterize the isolates and identify emerging clones. The automatized MLVA protocol can be the instrument for such surveys. In addition, the investigation of CRISPR/cas systems may give important keys to understand the evolution of some highly successful clonal complexes.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology , Acinetobacter Infections/genetics , Acinetobacter baumannii/classification , Automation , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , France , Genetic Variation , Genotype , Hospitals , Hospitals, Military , Humans , Minisatellite Repeats , Molecular Sequence Data , Oligonucleotides/genetics , Polymorphism, GeneticSubject(s)
Endocarditis/microbiology , Erysipelothrix Infections/complications , Heart Failure/etiology , Aged , Female , HumansABSTRACT
The present report describes a case of disseminated Trichosporon asahii infection. Trichosporon species has emerged as opportunistic infectious yeast in immunocompromised patients and is resistant to echinocandins. These antifungal drugs are not recommended for trichosporonosis treatment and yeast species identification be attempted for all clinical isolates, particularly with respect to the choice of antifungal therapy for specific Trichosporon species.
Subject(s)
Mycoses/diagnosis , Sepsis/microbiology , Trichosporon/isolation & purification , Aged , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Male , Mycoses/drug therapy , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Sepsis/drug therapyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of atypical mycobacterial infections can be facilitated by molecular biology techniques. CASES: Two severely immunodepressed patients were admitted for deterioration of their general health status. Bacteriological analysis of histopathologic fragments showed the presence of acid- and alcohol-resistant bacilli. INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA Amplification v2 made it possible to diagnose Mycobacterium genavense infection. COMMENTS: M. genavense is a slow-growing atypical mycobacterium. The molecular biology techniques used by INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA V2 permit its swift identification.
Subject(s)
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology , Mycobacterium/isolation & purification , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Reagent Strips , Sensitivity and SpecificitySubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects , Teicoplanin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purification , Time FactorsABSTRACT
We report a rare mesenteric localized Mycobacterium genavense infection in a severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. An INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA v2 test was performed directly on biopsy samples. This new molecular tool could be used for simultaneous identification of mycobacterium species from human specimens, but other studies are needed to validate our first results.
