Tumores del tracto urinario superior. Nuestra experiencia / Tumors of the upper urinary tract. Our experience

Objetivo: Estudiar la clínica, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento, y la evolución de los tumores del tracto urinario superior. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los tumores del aparato urinario superior tratados en nuestro centro, HCU Valladolid, entre 1994 y 2007. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 65 tumores, de los cuales sólo 59 entraron en el estudio. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 68 años (intervalo entre 46 y 88 años). Nos encontramos 47 varones frente a 12 mujeres. La hematuria fue el signo clínico inicial más frecuente, apareciendo en el 79,9% de los casos. La Urografía fue la técnica diagnóstica más utilizada (96,6%). La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue la nefroureterectomía con desinserción endoscópica del uréter, realizada en 28 ocasiones. En 9 pacientes se aplicó tratamiento conservador vía percutánea con una única recidiva y en 2 tratamiento ureteroscópico. El 50,9% de los tumores fueron superficiales. Hubo un 37% de afectación vesical concomitante. La supervivencia a los cinco y diez años fue del 55 y 47% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los tumores de aparato urinario superior son una entidad rara, que aparece en la edad media-avanzada de la vida. La nefroureterectomía radical es hoy por hoy el tratamiento estandar, ya sea vía abierta o laparóscopica. El tratamiento endóscopico cada vez tiene más importancia y presenta excelentes resultados en casos seleccionados (AU)

Objectives: To study the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and evolution of upper urinary tract tumours. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on the upper urinary tract tumours treated in our centre, HCU Valladolid, between 1994 and 2007. Results: 65 tumours were diagnosed, although only 59 were valid for the study. Mean patient age was 68 years (interval between 46 and 88 years). 47 were men and 12 women. The most common symptom on presentation was hematuria (79,9%). Urography was the most frequently used diagnostic technique (96,6%) and nephroureterectomy with transurethral resection of the intramural ureter was the most common surgical treatment performed, carried out in 28 cases. 9 patients underwent percutaneous treatment with only one recurrence, and 2 patients received ureteroscopic treatment. 50,9 % of the lesions were classified as superficial tumours. The 5 and 10-year survival rates were 55 and 47%. Conclusions: Upper urinary tract tumours are an unusual disease characteristic of medium-advanced ages. Nowadays nephroureterectomy by open surgery or laparoscopy is the standard treatment. Conservative endoscopic procedures have more and more importance and present excellent results in highly selected cases (AU)

Empleo del catéter doble J para la prevención de las complicaciones urológicas en el trasplante renal / The use of double J stent for prevention of urological complications in kidney transplants

Objetivo: Analizar si la cateterización sistemática de la anastomosis ureterovesical en el trasplante renal mediante un catéter doble J disminuye la incidencia de las complicaciones urológicas tipo fístula y estenosis ureterales. Material y métodos: En el periodo comprendido entre agosto de 2003 y diciembre de 2004 realizamos 59 trasplantes renales de donante cadáver. Establecemos dos grupos, grupo A pacientes que durante el trasplante se les coloca un catéter doble J y grupo B pacientes trasplantados sin colocación de catéter. Mediante un estudio retrospectivo analizamos la incidencia de fístulas urinarias, estenosis ureterales y procesos infecciosos en ambos grupos. Resultados: En el grupo A (con catéter doble J) se detectaron 1 caso de estenosis ureteral y 2 casos (7%)de fístula urinaria. En un paciente fue necesaria la retirada del catéter al producir obstrucción por coágulos. Trece pacientes (46%) presentaron un cultivo de orina positivo. En el grupo B (sin catéter doble J) se evidenciaron 4 casos (13%) de estenosis ureteral y 5 casos (16%) de fístula urinaria. Nueve pacientes (29%) presentaron un cultivo de orina positivo. Conclusión: El empleo del catéter doble J de forma profiláctica en el trasplante renal, disminuye las fístulas urinarias y en mayor medida las estenosis ureterales (AU)

Objetive: To analyze the impact of the use of the double J stent in the incidence of urological complications, like fistula urinary and ureteral obstruction in kidney transplants. Materials and methods: Between August 2003 and December 2005, 59 adult recipients underwent renal transplant. A retrospective study was conducted on two groups of patients: Group A with double J stent and group B without it. We reviewed the urological complications: fistula, ureteral obstruction and urinary tract infection. Results: Group A: One ureteral obstruction and two urinary fistulas (7%) were developed in this group. 13 patients (46%) had a positive urinary culture. In only one case was necessary to retire the double J stent because of ureteral obstruction. Group B: Four patients (13%) developed ureteral obstruction and another five (16%) developed urinary fistula. 9 patients (29%) had a positive urinary culture. Conclusion: The routine insertion of a double J stent in kidney transplants reduces the number of early complications urinary fistula and ureteral obstructions (AU)

Self-expanding polytetrafluoroethylene covered nitinol stents for the treatment of ureteral stenosis: preliminary report.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the treatment of ureteral stenosis using a self-expanding nitinol stent covered with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2001 and April 2003, 37 ePTFE covered metal stents were implanted in 20 patients with a total of 29 ureteral stenoses due to various causes. In general the stents were introduced by using a retrograde approach under combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance with patients under spinal block and sedation. Followup assessments in 18 patients, including urography, were done 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the procedure. Followup endoscopic examinations were performed at 6 and 12 months in 8 patients. RESULTS: Immediate ureteral patency was achieved during all insertion procedures and maintained in most patients. Four patients died of the neoplastic process 3 to 12 months after implantation. Four stent migrations occurred in 3 patients (22.2%), which was resolved by implanting a new stent. Nonobstructive mucous hyperplasia was observed in 5 patients (27.7%) at the end of the stent, although there was no internal calcification. In all cases the stents remained patent until the current time or until patient death. CONCLUSIONS: We found that ePTFE covered nitinol stents were safe and effective for ureteral stenosis. Their resistance to calcification was high with nonobstructive hyperplasia developing in only a few cases and only at the stent ends. The ideal material for covering stents would produce no mucous hyperplasia.

[Endoscopic treatment of ureteral lithiasis. Our experience with 360 retrograde uretero-renal endoscopies in the last ten years]. / Tratamiento endoscópico de la litiasis ureteral. Nuestra experiencia en 360 ureterorrenoscopias retrógradas en los últimos 10 años.

Presentation of results and complications obtained in 360 procedures of transuretral ureterorenoscopy (URS) in ureteral lithiasis performed in our unit from january 1990 to august 2000 in 354 patients: 55% female and 45% male. A rigid ureteroscopy Storz 10.5 Ch. was used and intracorporeal lithotripsy was necessary in 17.31% of cases. URS indications were always treatment of ureteral lithiasis, pelvic ureter localization in most cases (70.33%) being 93.05% the percentage of overall success and with a significant decrease when the calculus was located in the upper third of the ureter. Serious complications were only 3.05% of cases and endoscopic surgery was necessary in three cases of ureteral stenosis. In our experience, URS is our technique of choice for treatment of lower and medium third of the ureter where the percentage of success we have obtained were 98.99% and 95.83% respectively.

[Hypertension emergency during surgery of renal carcinoma associated with non-diagnosed pheochromocytoma]. / Emergencia hipertensiva durante la cirugía de un carcinoma renal asociado a feocromocitoma no diagnosticado.

OBJECTIVE: To present an uncommon association of renal carcinoma with an undiagnosed ipsilateral pheochromocytoma that caused severe cardiovascular disorders during surgical treatment of the renal carcinoma, and emphasize the need for careful assessment of these adrenal nodules before resection although they may appear to be clinically irrelevant. METHODS: A 61-year-old male with mild arterial hypertension controlled with drug therapy for 40 years was diagnosed as having a right renal hypernephroma and a probable adrenal adenoma by IVP, abdominal ultrasound, CT, bone scintiscan and renal arteriography. Preoperative values were within the normal limits. The patient developed severe hypertension intraoperatively, which was controlled by administration of lidocaine, nitroglycerine, sodium nitroprusside and labetalol. Surgery was interrupted and completed when the patient was stable. RESULTS: The pathological analysis showed clear cell renal adenocarcinoma and pheochromocytoma. Postoperative evaluation showed dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and vanilmandelic acid were normal. A 131 MIBG scan was normal. CONCLUSION: Although an adrenal mass may appear to be clinically irrelevant, a careful study should be performed to discard a functioning tumor and to avoid the serious complications that might arise during surgery.

Unilateral tubular obstruction: an unusual complication of urographic contrast media.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to report our experience with four patients with renal colic who had a rare unilateral complication from urographic contrast media, with a dense and striated nephrogram affecting only the healthy kidney. All cases were reversible. CONCLUSION: An unusual complication of urography with a characteristic radiologic appearance is presented. This complication was transient and reversible in our patients. Unilateral tubular blockage induced by a contrast agent must be considered when the contralateral kidney shows evidence of ureteral obstruction.

[Endoscopic pyelotomy with the "ACUCISE" probe]. / Pielotomía endoscópica por sonda "ACUCISE".

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to assess the results achieved by the newly designed ACUCISE cutting probe in the treatment of the PUJ syndrome, to describe its advantages and disadvantages and to determine the possibility of its replacing other previously utilized techniques. METHODS: The ACUCISE cutting probe was utilized in 10 patients with pyeloureteral stricture. After the stent had been left indwelling for two months, it was removed and the patients had regular control evaluations two months thereafter. RESULTS: The results have been optimal to date, with complete resolution of the pyeloureteral stricture in 100% of the cases. No significant complications have been observed. Some of the control images are presented. CONCLUSIONS: In our view, the availability of the ACUCISE cutting probe represents a major contribution to minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of the PUJ syndrome. Its advantages far surpass its disadvantages, some of which can be overcome by the skill acquired from more experience. Its only major drawback is that it cannot be used in children under thirteen because of its caliber. When positioned correctly, the ACUCISE cutting probe achieves a clean, precise and an even cut of the same diameter and extent. It is a useful alternative to the other techniques utilized in the treatment of PUJ stricture.

[Treatment of ureteral stenoses with modelling catheter (12 Fr. caliber)]. / Tratamiento de las estenosis ureterales con catéter modelante (calibre 12 Fr.).

We present the results achieved by catheter dilatation in 31 cases of ureteral strictures of different etiologies, using a large caliber (12 Fr) double pigtail catheter. The patients had a mean follow up of at least two years. The catheter was left indwelling for 2 1/2 months. The success rate was 74.2%, with few and unimportant complications. However, in 3 cases with strictures of a tuberculous etiology the long-term success rate dropped to 33.3%. The results indicate that ureteral stents of a caliber larger than that used normally, increase the success rate in dilatation of ureteral strictures.

[Pyeloureteral stenosis: its treatment by endopyelotomy]. / Estenosis pieloureteral: tratamiento mediante endopielotomía.

Percutaneous endopyelotomy is becoming widely accepted in the treatment of primary or secondary stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction because it achieves excellent results and is less invasive. Herein we describe our experience with this technique, which we perform with the electric knife and large caliber ureteral stents. Seventeen endopyelotomy procedures were performed in 16 patients with a minimum follow-up of one year. This technique successfully resolved the stenosis in 14 cases. We consider it to be the procedure of choice due to the excellent results and the low complication rate.

[Our experience with the 1st 100 cases of transurethral incision of the prostate performed for benign prostatic hypertrophy]. / Nuestra experiencia en los 100 primeros casos de incisión transuretral de la próstata, realizados en la hiperplasia benigna prostática .

Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) or prostatotomy is a recently developed surgical technique whose favourable results have been reported elsewhere to range from 88% to 92%. It has a precise indication in small prostates and short urethras, and in well-selected cases its results are superior to that achieved by transurethral resection (TUR). Moreover, alterations of sexual function (impotence, retrograde ejaculation, etc.) are less and it affords the following advantages: the surgical technique is easy to perform, postoperative hospital stay is minimal, and patient comfort is enhanced. We have reviewed the first 100 prostatotomy procedures performed at the Urology Department of our hospital. Patient follow-up was 1 1/2 years. Good results were achieved in 65 (95.5%) of 68 patients with prostates less than 20 gms. In 20 patients with prostates between 20-30 gms., we achieved a success rate of 85% (3 poor results). The results were poor in 4 of 12 patients (60% success) with prostates more than 30 gms. The early complications were minimal and no late complications were observed. Thus, we believe this is a valid technique when performed in the appropriate cases.