ABSTRACT
Background: The recommendations of both the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) for the prevention of cancer are important public health tools. These recommendations for the prevention of specific cancers are related to body weight maintenance; physical activity; foods and drinks that promote weight gain; plant foods; foods of animal origin; alcoholic beverages; preservation, processing, and preparation of food; food supplements; and breastfeeding. Methods: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study. All patients provided written informed consent prior to enrollment in the study. Stratified random sampling was carried out with a convenience sample size of ≥280 participants. The characteristics of the participants were investigated using validated questions. Knowledge about the WCRF/AICR recommendations for the primary prevention of cancer was determined using 14 multiple choice questions validated in this study. Group A included participants who answered that cancer can be prevented and that lifestyle is the main factor related to the onset of cancer; the remaining participants were assigned to Group B. The χ2 test and MannâWhitney U test were used to determine differences in the groups. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. A multiple linear regression analysis with gamma response was performed to assess the knowledge score. Results: A total of 289 participants were included; 168 (58%) participants were in group A, and 121 (42%) participants were in group B. Using a 0 to 14 scale, the median (P25, P75) number of correct answers was 11 (10, 12). There was no evidence of a difference between groups in sex, relationship status, literacy skills, years of education, occupation, monthly income per person, and BMI. Most of the participants reported that they did not consume tobacco (n = 259/289) or alcohol (n = 261/289) in the week prior to completing the survey. Discussion: Most of the participants (58%) considered cancer preventable and agreed that lifestyle factors were the most important factors in cancer development. The results also showed a high level of public awareness of some evidence-based associations between cancer and lifestyle factors, such as tobacco use. Some confusion among the public on other risk factors was also identified: waist circumference, a variable related to excess weight, was not identified as a risk factor for cancer by most of the participants, but the consumption of foods and beverages high in calories was identified as a risk factor by the majority of participants. Awareness of cancer protective and risk factors may lead to positive behavioral changes and eventually reduce the burden of cancer.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Neoplasms , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Male , Female , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Mexico/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Adult , Hospitals, Public , Aged , Life Style , Primary Prevention/methodsABSTRACT
Abstract The Mexican tropical wetland is a coastal system with capacity to support the contamination derived from the extractive industry and the transformation of crude oil, due to its high plant biodiversity and the presence of rhizospheric reducing sulphate bacteria from plants tolerant to crude oil. A field experiment was carried out for nine months to evaluate the adaptation of aquatic plants Leersia hexandra grass and Eleocharis palustris spikerush reintroduced in a wetland contaminated with 75 560 to 118 789 mg kg-1 of weathered petroleum and also with sulfate, derived from oil and gas pipeline leaks, and gaseous emissions. The effect of the weathered oil and sulfate on the dry matter production and the population density of the bacterium Desulfovibrio spp, isolated from the rhizosphere and soil of both plants, were evaluated. The means of the variables had statistical differences (p< 0.05). Weathered oil inhibited dry matter production of L. hexandra but not E. palustris; the effect of petroleum on Desulfovibrio density was very significant negative in the rhizosphere and in the soil of both plants. Sulfate reduced the dry matter of grass. The exposure of Desulfovibrio to sulfate significantly reduced its density in rhizosphere and soil (p< 0.01). We recommend the use of E. palustris for the decontamination of flooded soils contaminated with weathered oil and sulfate. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 908-917. Epub 2018 June 01.
Resumen El humedal tropical mexicano es un sistema costero con capacidad para resistir la contaminación derivada de la industria extractiva y la transformación del petróleo crudo, debido a su alta biodiversidad de plantas y la presencia de bacterias rizosféricas reductoras de sulfato de plantas tolerantes al petróleo crudo. Se realizó un experimento en campo durante nueve meses para evaluar la adaptación de las plantas acuáticas Leersia hexandra y Eleocharis palustris reintroducidas en un humedal contaminado con 75 560 a 118 789 mg kg-1 de petróleo intemperizado y también con sulfato, derivados de fugas de oleoductos y de emisiones gaseosas crónicas. Se evaluó el efecto del petróleo intemperizado y del sulfato en la producción de materia seca vegetal y en la densidad poblacional de la bacteria Desulfovibrio spp, aislada de la rizosfera y del rizoplano de ambas especies vegetales. Las medias de las variables tuvieron diferencias estadísticas (p< 0.05). El petróleo intemperizado inhibió la producción de materia seca de L. hexandra pero no de E. palustris; el efecto del petróleo en la densidad de Desulfovibrio fue negativo muy significativo en la rizosfera y en el rizoplano de ambas plantas. El sulfato redujo la materia seca de L. hexandra. La exposición de Desulfovibrio a sulfato redujo muy significativamente (p< 0.01) su densidad en rizosfera y en rizoplano. Recomendamos el uso de E. palustris para la descontaminación de suelos inundables afectados con petróleo intemperizado y con sulfato.
