ABSTRACT
Based on Aristotelian ethics, an "Adolescent Ethical Behavior in Leisure Scale" (AEBLS) was developed. Sixty-two items were created and reviewed by a panel of experts for content-related evidence of validity. Two validity studies were then conducted. In Study 1, data from 419 high- and low-risk adolescents were used to examine correlations between the AEBLS scores and measures of substance use, school bonding, and dispositional leisure boredom. All hypotheses about relations between these variables and the AEBLS were supported. In Study 2, an experiment was conducted to assess construct-related evidence of validity. Seventy-one adolescents completed the AEBLS and evaluated images of sensory and cortical recreation activities to which they were exposed. Consistent with the hypotheses, significant positive correlations were found between the AEBLS and evaluation of cortical activities, and significant negative correlations were found between the AEBLS and evaluation of sensory activities. Results support the use of AEBLS scores to discriminate between ethical leisure behaviors of high- and low-risk adolescents.
Subject(s)
Ethics , Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Leisure Activities , Psychology, Adolescent , Psychometrics , Adolescent , Attitude , Boredom , Choice Behavior , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Leisure Activities/classification , Leisure Activities/psychology , Male , Motivation , Reproducibility of Results , Sampling Studies , Schools , Substance-Related Disorders , ThinkingABSTRACT
Persons with a stoma must contend not only with the immediate physical changes produced by the operation but also with psychologic adjustments, changes in body image, changes in self-concept, and the chronic stress of stoma care and physical functioning. Mindfulness training can enable these persons to make the necessary adjustments in a more realized and conscious manner. The practice of mindfulness training has been demonstrated to be effective in dealing with clinical and psychologic problems. Mindfulness is defined as being fully awake and is characterized as being nonjudging, having a beginner's mind, being trusting, nonstriving, accepting, and letting go. Mindfulness training is described, and roadblocks to the practice of mindfulness are discussed and exemplified. Resources on the practice of mindfulness and applications to persons with ostomies are provided. Mindfulness training is proposed as an adjunct to patient education or support groups.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Awareness , Ostomy/psychology , Ostomy/rehabilitation , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Quality of Life , Humans , Relaxation Therapy , Self CareABSTRACT
There have been few studies on the psychologic effects and reactions to ostomy creation in persons older than 50 years. Eighty-nine patients with ostomies (42 female, 47 male) were evaluated to see how ostomy creation affected them. Six instruments were used to make these assessments: Surgery Preparedness Inventory, Surgical Adjustment Scale, Social Interaction Inventory, Self-Esteem Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Life Satisfaction Inventory-A. In addition to these six instruments, the participants in the study were asked to state their greatest concern. Older men and women showed similar patterns in surgical preparedness, adjustment to operation, and level of self-esteem. Men reported lower satisfaction with life than did women. Men also had more difficulty in social interactions than did women. Twice as many men as women reported mild to moderate depression. Older women reported poorer health status; if unmarried, they reported less satisfaction with life than younger or married women. More of those reporting good current health reported a positive adjustment to ostomy creation than did those who reported poor health. Those who did not feel hindered by their ostomies reported higher scores on well-being than did those who felt hindered. The more time that has passed after operation, the better patients felt. Four major concerns were reported: (1) concern with being able to care for themselves; (2) leakage from the pouch, odor, and gas noises; (3) other health problems; and (4) recurrence of cancer. Good current health and a sense of well-being are important to positive adjustment after ostomy creation. These areas would be well worth monitoring and should be promoted by the caregivers.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Enterostomy/psychology , Activities of Daily Living , Age Factors , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Enterostomy/methods , Enterostomy/nursing , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Self Care , Self Concept , Sex Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Doping in Sports/prevention & control , Growth Hormone , Health Education , Curriculum , HumansABSTRACT
The authors describe the application of a biopsychosocial model to premenstrual syndrome. In this model one assumes that premenstrual syndrome is the result of an interaction between biologic, psychologic, and social factors. A six-point approach to the evaluation of women with multiple premenstrual symptoms is also presented. Finally, the benefits of this model for the clinician and investigator are reviewed.
