Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Ophthalmology , Diabetic Retinopathy/therapy , Humans , USSRABSTRACT
By means of electroretinographical responses from different areas of the retina (zonular ERGs) both healthy people and patients with central and peripheral retinal degenerations were examined. Responses were registered from three retinal areas (zones): central (red, green, and blue stimuli, 10 degrees in diameter, during adaptation of 20 lux); paramacular (a dim, blue, ringlike stimulus, 15 degrees inner and 50 degrees outer diameter, presented at the beginning of dark adaptation) and peripheral (very dim, blue ring stimulus of a 50 degree inner and 110 degrees outer diameter, after 3 min of dark adaptation). The data obtained by this method of stimulation give information about the function of stimulated retinal areas and provide new criteria for the function of the spectrally different photoreceptors responsible for intact color vision. Examples are presented that reveal the value of this method for the detection of congenital color vision defects and for the classification of different types of retinal degeneration. This method is shown to be highly effective and has many advantages over the common routine Ganzfeld ERG technique, especially in cases of unusual retinal degenerations.
Subject(s)
Electroretinography/methods , Retina/physiology , Retinal Degeneration/physiopathology , Color , Color Vision Defects/physiopathology , Humans , Mathematics , Photic Stimulation , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of the study on the pregnancy effect on visual functions (vision acuity, visual field, condition of the eyeball ground), blood oxygenation as well as spatial summation (photometric harmony) in the visual field in 94 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (as well as diabetic retinopathy). It was found that out of the total number of the patients 24 (25.6%) had pathologic changes on the eyeball ground typical for the diabetic retinopathy and angiopathy. In the overwhelming majority of the investigated patients (74.4%) oxygen deficiency (oxyhemographic results(-hypoxemia was found. In the considerable number of pregnant women (90.1%) photometric disharmony in the visual field was found that could be a proof for the failure of the retinal nerve cells to summarize the light stimula. On the ground of the study results and the pregnancy termination data the authors made a conclusion about the necessity to organize a special ophthalmologic service for the vision protection in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus and DR to provide the prophylaxis of diabetic retinopathy.
Subject(s)
Oxygen/blood , Pregnancy in Diabetics/physiopathology , Vision, Ocular/physiology , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Diphosphoglyceric Acids/blood , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Female , Humans , Kinetics , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Diabetics/blood , Pregnancy in Diabetics/complications , Visual FieldsSubject(s)
Glaucoma/drug therapy , Hydroxybutyrates/administration & dosage , Oxygen/blood , Sodium Oxybate/administration & dosage , Vision, Ocular/drug effects , Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Drug Evaluation , Female , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Humans , Hypoxia/drug therapy , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Time FactorsABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of the application of sodium hydroxybutyrate as 5% sugar syrup for the treatment of glaucoma patients. Common ophthalmological investigation methods and the oxyhemography were used. Fifty-two primary glaucoma patients (99 eyes) in various stages of disease and with different intraocular pressure levels were investigated. It was found that due to sodium hydroxybutyrate in 36 patients (69%) with statistical significance the visual field limits enlarged; in 15 patients visual acuity improved. The drug was efficient in the initial and developed glaucoma with normalized ophthalmotonus level. Significant improvement of the oxygen metabolism--oxygen saturation level of arterial blood and compensatory mechanisms functions of oxygenation-reduction processes in the majority of the patients was found. On the ground of the obtained findings the authors make a conclusion about the expediency of including 5% sodium hydroxybutyrate syrup in the complex treatment of primary glaucoma patients.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma/drug therapy , Hydroxybutyrates/therapeutic use , Oxygen/metabolism , Sodium Oxybate/therapeutic use , Visual Fields/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Female , Glaucoma/complications , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Humans , Hypoxia/complications , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxygen/blood , Oxygen Consumption , Sodium Oxybate/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of the study on oxygen metabolism in glaucoma patients. In the study a combined method, including oxyhemography and polarography, was used: a) for the determination of the tissue oxygen absorbtion constant (TOAC); and b) for the determination of the blood oxygen discharge rate (BODR) performed by the method of polarographic coulonometry. In 93 glaucoma patients, various forms, stages, and intraocular pressure compensation degree were examined. The results of the oxyhemographic measurements showed oxygen deficiency in the majority of patients. In 41 patients, TOAC determination showed the increase of these values by 38%. The blood oxygen discharge rate (BODR) also exceeded the norm. The above-mentioned results indicate some significant errors of the oxygen metabolism at all stages of glaucoma.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma/metabolism , Oxygen/metabolism , Aged , Female , Glaucoma/complications , Humans , Hypoxia/complications , Kinetics , Male , Middle Aged , Oxygen/blood , Oxygen Consumption , Skin/metabolismABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of an electrophysiologic and histochemical study on the effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate applied perorally as 5% syrup for 20 days on the rabbit retina. It was found with statistical significance that in response to the drug the amplitudes of "a" and "b" waves of the electroretinogram increased considerably and the activation of some dehydrogenases, glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase and lactatedehydrogenase in particular took place; this was most pronounced in the ganglion and in the inner nuclear layers of the retina. The results of the study show that a prolonged peroral application of 5% sodium hydroxybutyrate syrup might be an expeditious way to activate energy processes in the retina.
