Subject(s)
Fournier Gangrene/pathology , Genital Diseases, Male/pathology , Pain/diagnosis , Scrotum/pathology , Subcutaneous Emphysema/etiology , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Edema/etiology , Edema/pathology , Fasciotomy/methods , Fournier Gangrene/diagnostic imaging , Fournier Gangrene/microbiology , Fournier Gangrene/therapy , Humans , Male , Pain/etiology , Scrotum/diagnostic imaging , Subcutaneous Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Intranasal lidocaine has been shown to be effective in treating patients with acute migraines; however, its efficacy is still controversial. The aim of our study is to assess the efficacy and safety of intranasal lidocaine compared with a placebo or an active comparator for the treatment of acute migraine. METHODS: We will use PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Scopus databases to search for articles from their inceptions to November 2018. We will only include randomized controlled studies. Data were independently will be extracted by 2 reviewers. Data analysis and synthesis will be analyzed by the Revman 5.3 software. We will conduct the study in accordance with the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. RESULTS: This review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal lidocaine for acute migraine. The primary outcome is pain intensity measured by visual analogue, numerical rating scale, or verbal rating scale. Secondary outcomes are success rate, requirement of rescue medicine, relapse, and adverse events. CONCLUSION: The findings of this systematic review will summarize the latest evidence of intranasal lidocaine for acute migraine. The results will provide implications for clinical practice and further research.Prospero registration number: CRD42018116226.
