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3.
Transplant Proc ; 48(4): 1007-11, 2016 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27320543

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation may put the donor at risk of physical and psychological impacts. Recovery of physical and psychological function as well as quality of life (QOL) in living liver donors warrants investigation. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the recovery of liver function, emotional status, and QOL in living liver donors through a comparison with the general population and reference values. METHODS: This descriptive, comparative study included 97 living liver donors who underwent surgery from 2008 to 2012 and were divided into 4 groups according to their postoperative period (1 year [n = 31], 2 years [n = 31], 3 years [n = 21], and 4 years above [n = 14]). Data were collected retrospectively in a medical center in northern Taiwan. RESULTS: The mean aspartate aminotransferase level was 20.2-32.1 U/L, the mean alanine aminotransferase level was 14.7-33.5 U/L, and the mean total bilirubin level was 10.8-15.5 µmol/L among the 4 groups. Among donors of the 4 groups, 23.8%-51.6% and 0%-29% were defined as having a mild level of anxiety and depression, respectively. Donors in the 1- and 2-year groups had poorer QOL in the physical function, role physical, vitality, and mental health domains than did the general population of Taiwan (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Liver function was at normal levels in all 4 groups. The emotional and psychological function of living liver donors should be monitored and health-related QOL should be promoted during the first and second year after liver donation.


Subject(s)
Emotions , Liver Transplantation/psychology , Liver/physiology , Living Donors/psychology , Quality of Life , Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Depression/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Health , Recovery of Function/physiology , Retrospective Studies , Taiwan , Time Factors
6.
Zoonoses Public Health ; 61(6): 411-9, 2014 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24207053

ABSTRACT

Early differential diagnosis and timely follow-up are advantageous in the management of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. This study aimed to characterize angiostrongyliasis in the rat brain for an 8-week period using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) and R2 mapping sequences. The data were analysed with Mathematica and Matlab software programs for weekly changes in each brain following the infection of 20, 50, 100 and 300 third-stage larvae (L3), respectively. The results showed that the average subarachnoid space detected by T2WI technique was peaked up to 10% increase of original size on day 35 after 100 or 300 larvae infection, while those infected with 20 or 50 larvae showed less than 4% increase during the entire course of observation. This increase was relevant to the mortality of the infected rats, because those with 100 or 300 larvae infections showed a sharp decrease in survival rate before day 40. After day 40, the average subarachnoid space was decreased, but the average ventricle size was persistently increased, with the highest increase observed in the group infected with 300 larvae on day 56. Furthermore, the R2 mapping mean and R2 mapping size were significantly different between the brains with severe infection (100 and 300 larvae groups together) and those with mild infection (20 and 50 larvae groups together) on day 49, but not on day 35. Our results showed that diagnosis for different quantity of larvae infection using MRI is possible and follow-up characterization is informative in revealing the effects of angiostrongyliasis on different brain areas. In conclusion, our results support the use of MRI as a non-invasive diagnostic technique for eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis infection.


Subject(s)
Angiostrongylus cantonensis/isolation & purification , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Meningitis/diagnosis , Strongylida Infections/diagnosis , Animals , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/parasitology , Contrast Media , Disease Models, Animal , Eosinophilia , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Larva , Male , Meningitis/diagnostic imaging , Meningitis/mortality , Meningitis/parasitology , Radiography , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sensitivity and Specificity , Strongylida Infections/diagnostic imaging , Strongylida Infections/mortality , Strongylida Infections/parasitology , Subarachnoid Space , Survival Rate
7.
J Crohns Colitis ; 8(7): 607-16, 2014 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24315795

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in Eastern Europe possibly due to changes in environmental factors towards a more "westernised" standard of living. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in exposure to environmental factors prior to diagnosis in Eastern and Western European IBD patients. METHODS: The EpiCom cohort is a population-based, prospective inception cohort of 1560 unselected IBD patients from 31 European countries covering a background population of 10.1 million. At the time of diagnosis patients were asked to complete an 87-item questionnaire concerning environmental factors. RESULTS: A total of 1182 patients (76%) answered the questionnaire, 444 (38%) had Crohn's disease (CD), 627 (53%) ulcerative colitis (UC), and 111 (9%) IBD unclassified. No geographic differences regarding smoking status, caffeine intake, use of oral contraceptives, or number of first-degree relatives with IBD were found. Sugar intake was higher in CD and UC patients from Eastern Europe than in Western Europe while fibre intake was lower (p<0.01). Daily consumption of fast food as well as appendectomy before the age of 20 was more frequent in Eastern European than in Western European UC patients (p<0.01). Eastern European CD and UC patients had received more vaccinations and experienced fewer childhood infections than Western European patients (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this European population-based inception cohort of unselected IBD patients, Eastern and Western European patients differed in environmental factors prior to diagnosis. Eastern European patients exhibited higher occurrences of suspected risk factors for IBD included in the Western lifestyle.


Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology , Crohn Disease/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Appendectomy/statistics & numerical data , Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology , Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy , Crohn Disease/pathology , Crohn Disease/therapy , Dietary Fiber/statistics & numerical data , Dietary Sucrose , Europe/epidemiology , Fast Foods/statistics & numerical data , Female , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Measles/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Mumps/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Young Adult
8.
Lab Chip ; 13(22): 4451-9, 2013 Nov 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24080725

ABSTRACT

As developments of modern societies, an on-field and personalized diagnosis has become important for disease prevention and proper treatment. To address this need, in this work, a polysilicon nanowire (poly-Si NW) based biosensor system-on-chip (bio-SSoC) is designed and fabricated by a 0.35 µm 2-Poly-4-Metal (2P4M) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process provided by a commercialized semiconductor foundry. Because of the advantages of CMOS system-on-chip (SoC) technologies, the poly-Si NW biosensor is integrated with a chopper differential-difference amplifier (DDA) based analog-front-end (AFE), a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC), and a microcontroller to have better sensing capabilities than a traditional Si NW discrete measuring system. In addition, an on-off key (OOK) wireless transceiver is also integrated to form a wireless bio-SSoC technology. This is pioneering work to harness the momentum of CMOS integrated technology into emerging bio-diagnosis technologies. This integrated technology is experimentally examined to have a label-free and low-concentration biomolecular detection for both Hepatitis B Virus DNA (10 fM) and cardiac troponin I protein (3.2 pM). Based on this work, the implemented wireless bio-SSoC has demonstrated a good biomolecular sensing characteristic and a potential for low-cost and mobile applications. As a consequence, this developed technology can be a promising candidate for on-field and personalized applications in biomedical diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques/methods , Nanowires/chemistry , Semiconductors , Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , DNA, Viral/analysis , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Humans , Metals/chemistry , Myocardium/metabolism , Oxides/chemistry , Silicon/chemistry , Temperature , Troponin I/analysis , Wireless Technology
9.
Int J Clin Pract ; 66(11): 1056-78, 2012 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23067030

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The use of herbs and dietary supplements (HDS) alone or concomitantly with medications can potentially increase the risk of adverse events experienced by the patients. This review aims to evaluate the documented HDS-drug interactions and contraindications. METHODS: A structured literature review was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, tertiary literature and Internet. RESULTS: While 85 primary literatures, six books and two web sites were reviewed for a total of 1,491 unique pairs of HDS-drug interactions, 213 HDS entities and 509 medications were involved. HDS products containing St. John's Wort, magnesium, calcium, iron, ginkgo had the greatest number of documented interactions with medications. Warfarin, insulin, aspirin, digoxin, and ticlopidine had the greatest number of reported interactions with HDS. Medications affecting the central nervous system or cardiovascular system had more documented interactions with HDS. Of the 882 HDS-drug interactions being described its mechanism and severity, 42.3% were due to altered pharmacokinetics and 240 were described as major interactions. Of the 152 identified HDS contraindications, the most frequent involved gastrointestinal (16.4%), neurological (14.5%), and renal/genitourinary diseases (12.5%). Flaxseed, echinacea, and yohimbe had the largest number of documented contraindications. CONCLUSIONS: Although HDS-drug interactions and contraindications primarily concerned a relatively small subset of commonly used medications and HDS entities, this review provides the summary to identify patients, HDS products, and medications that are more susceptible to HDS-drug interactions and contraindications. The findings would facilitate the health-care professionals to communicate these documented interactions and contraindications to their patients and/or caregivers thereby preventing serious adverse events and improving desired therapeutic outcomes.


Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Herb-Drug Interactions , Plant Preparations , Animals , Clinical Trials as Topic , Contraindications , Disease Models, Animal , Humans , Rats , Research Design
10.
IET Nanobiotechnol ; 5(4): 126-31, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22149868

ABSTRACT

Neopterin is a catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate, a purine nucleotide. Measuring neopterin concentrations in biological fluids such as urine provides information about cellular immune activation in humans under control of T helper cells. A high neopterin concentration in bodily fluids, including serum and urine, indicates cellular immunity activation, which is associated with oxidative stress. In this work, neopterin is the target molecule and imprinted onto poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) via solvent evaporation. The template molecules on the thin film are then removed, and the membrane is used as a sensing element for electrochemical urinalysis. Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) containing 27 mol% ethylene had high imprinting effectiveness and may be integrated with the proposed portable biosensor. In random urine analysis, the cyclic voltammetry measurements of neopterin with an additional recovery method achieved >95% recovery for the neopterin concentration of 15 ng/mL.


Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Molecular Imprinting/methods , Neopterin/chemistry , Polyvinyls/chemistry , Biosensing Techniques/methods , Electrochemical Techniques , Electrodes , Humans , Neopterin/urine , Surface Properties
11.
Clin Exp Dermatol ; 35(4): e97-9, 2010 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19843087

ABSTRACT

Kimura's disease (KD) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. It usually presents as soft-tissue masses predominantly in the head or neck region. We report a case of an asymptomatic tumour on the left earlobe mimicking a keloid. The tumour was histopathologically diagnosed as KD. This case suggests the importance of conducting skin biopsies of keloidal lesions on head and neck regions, particularly in patients who have peripheral eosinophilia and increased IgE levels.


Subject(s)
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Ear Diseases/diagnosis , Ear, External/pathology , Keloid/diagnosis , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans
12.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 29(3): 308-14, 2009 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19035973

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infliximab is used for treatment of Crohn's disease and, following the Active Ulcerative Colitis Trials (ACT) 1 and 2, it has been used as rescue and maintenance therapy in moderate and severe ulcerative colitis (UC). AIM: To report on English experience with maintenance infliximab in terms of response and colectomy rates and side-effect profile in UC. METHODS: A retrospective audit conducted by using a web-based questionnaire filled in by 12 gastroenterologists from six English centres. RESULTS: Of the 38 patients receiving induction with infliximab, 28 (73.6%) maintained an ongoing response (8-weekly infusions 5 mg/kg) for a mean duration of 16.8 months (range 4-59), with 21 (55.3%) being in remission. Three of 38 patients (7.9%) who also responded had a secondary loss of response after an average of 10 months (range 8-13); seven of 38 patients (18.4%) showed no response. The colectomy rate was seven of 38 (18.4%, five non-responders and two with secondary loss of response). Adverse effects occurred in five patients (13.2%). Two discontinued infliximab (alopecia, invasive breast cancer). The three less-severe adverse effects were acute and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and one persistent otitis media. CONCLUSION: Our experience suggests acceptable response rates, colectomy rates and side-effect profile of maintenance therapy with infliximab in moderate and severe UC.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Colectomy/statistics & numerical data , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Colitis, Ulcerative/surgery , Female , Gastrointestinal Agents/adverse effects , Humans , Infliximab , Male , Middle Aged , Remission Induction/methods , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
13.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 28(10): 1230-9, 2008 Nov 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18729845

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infliximab (IFX) has been shown to be efficacious in moderate-severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a scheduled maintenance treatment (SMT) with IFX in moderate-severe UC patients. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to simulate the progression of a cohort of moderate-severe UC patients treated with IFX (5 mg/kg) SMT. Transitions were estimated from two phase III trials of IFX (ACT I and ACT II). Standard care, comprising immunomodulators and/or corticosteroids was used as a comparator. Two separate treatment strategies were evaluated - continued treatment in IFX responders and continued treatment in IFX patients achieving remission. The dose of IFX was estimated for a 73 kg typical UC patient in the UK. The results were calculated over 10 years using a discount rate of 3.5% for costs and outcomes. The outcome measure was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) estimated using EQ-5D. Sensitivity analyses explored the uncertainty around the results. RESULTS: The incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) for IFX was 27,424 pounds in the responder strategy and 19,696 pounds in the remission strategy at 10 years. In sensitivity analysis, the ICER for IFX in the responder strategy ranged from 21,066 pounds to 86,322 pounds and in the remission strategy ranged from 14,728 pounds to 46,765 pounds. The model time horizon and patient body weight were important factors affecting results. CONCLUSION: Eight-week SMT with IFX appears to be a cost-effective treatment option for adult patients suffering from moderate to severe UC.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/economics , Antibodies, Monoclonal/economics , Colitis, Ulcerative/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Drug Administration Schedule , Health Care Costs , Humans , Infliximab , Markov Chains , Models, Biological , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
14.
Colorectal Dis ; 8(6): 497-500, 2006 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16784470

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopic polypectomy plays a major role in preventing colo-rectal cancer. However, resection of sessile, broad-based pedunculated and flat lesions carries a high risk of perforation. Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) may significantly reduce this risk. We aim to assess the safety and efficacy of EMR in our unit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A review of a prospective database over a 3-year period identified 87 patients who underwent endoscopic polypectomy for polyps in sizes from 10 to 50 mm, performed by two experienced endoscopists. A total of 33 EMRs were performed on 30 lesions in 24 of these patients. RESULTS: Median size of lesions was 20 mm. Most were located in the rectum and sigmoid. 22 lesions were resected en-bloc while 8 were resected piecemeal. Histologically these lesions were predominantly adenomatous polyps. An incidental focus of adenocarcinoma was found in 7 lesions. Histologically complete excision was achieved in 10 lesions. Although histological completeness of excision was not confirmed in 19 lesions, repeat colonoscopy confirmed successful excision. Only one lesion was incompletely excised requiring surgical resection. Bleeding occurred during 2 EMRs, both times successfully controlled by further injection of adrenaline locally. There was no case of bowel perforation. Further surveillance colonoscopy was performed according to established guidelines. Median follow-up period was 21 months. None of the patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma showed any evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Within our unit endoscopic mucosal resection appeared to be safe and effective procedure for resecting large colorectal polyps not suitable for conventional polypectomy. This data would support prompt referral of lesions fulfilling these criteria to specialist units offering this service to avoid unnecessary surgery.


Subject(s)
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Intestinal Polyps/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Adenoma/surgery , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colonic Polyps/surgery , Female , Humans , Intestinal Mucosa/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Rectal Diseases/surgery
15.
Infection ; 34(1): 2-8, 2006 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16501895

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To delineate the epidemiologic trend, clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of bacterial meningitis in young adults in Southern Taiwan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a period of 18 years, 329 cases of culture-proven adult bacterial meningitis were identified at our hospital. Among these 329 cases, 62 were identified as young adults (< or = 40 years) and their clinical features, laboratory data and therapeutic outcomes were reviewed. The prognostic factors between fatal and non-fatal groups were compared. RESULTS: The 62 young adults were 48 men and 14 women, aged 17-40 years. Thirty of the 62 patients belonged to nosocomial infection, and the other 32 belonged to community-acquired infection. A total of 74% (46/62) of the patients had a post-neurosurgical state as the underlying condition. Alcoholism (n = 8) was the most common underlying condition of the other 16 patients with spontaneous meningitis. Of these 62 patients, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common implicated gram-negative pathogens. During the late study period, there was an increase in coagulase-negative staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus infections. The therapeutic results of this group of patients are as follows: 13 patients died, 18 had full recovery and 31 had varying degrees of neurologic deficits. Impaired consciousness and thrombocytopenia were significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: A post-neurosurgical state is an important preceding event for young adults to develop bacterial meningitis. Of the implicated gram-negative pathogens, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa are common; however, there has been an increase in staphylococcal infection in recent years. Therapeutic results of this specific group of patients showed that 20% (13/62) of the patients died, and 50% (31/61) of the patients in this study had neurologic deficits. However, the small case number and possible bias of case selection has limited the analytical conclusions of this study. Further large-scale studies are needed to delineate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of bacterial meningitis in this specific group of patients.


Subject(s)
Meningitis, Bacterial , Adolescent , Adult , Alcoholism , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Community-Acquired Infections/mortality , Community-Acquired Infections/physiopathology , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/mortality , Cross Infection/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus , Female , Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Male , Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Meningitis, Bacterial/mortality , Meningitis, Bacterial/physiopathology , Prognosis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Risk Factors , Staphylococcus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Taiwan/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome
16.
Eye (Lond) ; 20(9): 1025-9, 2006 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16123781

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Our previous study has demonstrated an impairment of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) in patients with Graves'ophthalmopathy (GO). Here we further evaluate the haemodynamic change in GO patients after systemic steroid. METHODS: In a prospective, interventional, consecutive clinical case series, all patients with active and moderately severe GO who underwent systemic steroid treatment were evaluated. The change of POBF and the clinical activity and severity of the disease were assessed. RESULTS: In total, 11 patients underwent intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by 2-month oral prednisolone therapy. POBF improved from a mean value of 476.5 to 614.7 microl/min (P<0.001) after treatment. Likewise, the mean clinical activity score reduced from 4.8 to 1.6. However, systemic steroid had less effect on the severity of GO. It also revealed that there is a greater improvement of POBF in those with more clinical activity score (>4) at the onset. CONCLUSIONS: Following treatment with systemic steroid we have demonstrated a significant improvement in POBF in patients with GO.


Subject(s)
Eye/blood supply , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Graves Ophthalmopathy/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Female , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Graves Ophthalmopathy/physiopathology , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Methylprednisolone/pharmacology , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Prednisolone/pharmacology , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Pulsatile Flow/drug effects , Regional Blood Flow/drug effects , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
17.
Br J Plast Surg ; 58(1): 112-5, 2005 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15629180

ABSTRACT

To repair a 10 x 16 cm soft tissue defect of right lower leg that accompanied with occluded anterior and posterior tibial arteries in a 30-year-old man who sustained comminuted type III(B) Gustilo open tibial and fibular fracture, we present a successful reconstruction by using a large distally based sural island flap perfused by the lowermost perforator of the peroneal artery. This flap is a useful alternative for distal extremity reconstruction when anterior and posterior tibial arteries are occluded, as large flaps can be elevated safely based on only one peroneal perforator.


Subject(s)
Arterial Occlusive Diseases/complications , Fractures, Open/surgery , Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Tibial Arteries , Tibial Fractures/surgery , Adult , Fractures, Open/complications , Humans , Male , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Soft Tissue Injuries/complications , Tibial Fractures/complications , Treatment Outcome
18.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 20(6): 657-65, 2004 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15352914

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Symptom relief, through adherence to appropriate maintenance therapy, is the sole objective of treatment for patients with endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. AIM: To compare the efficacy of 'on-demand' treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg vs. continuous treatment with lansoprazole 15 mg daily in patients with endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. METHODS: Endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients who achieved complete resolution of heartburn after short-term (2-4 weeks) treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg (n = 774) were randomized to receive either esomeprazole 20 mg on-demand (n =311) or lansoprazole 15 mg continuous daily treatment (n = 311) for 6 months. RESULTS: Significantly more patients were willing to continue taking esomeprazole on-demand than lansoprazole continuous therapy after 6 months (93% vs. 88%; P = 0.02). This superior outcome was achieved despite patients on esomeprazole requiring medication only 38% as often as those on lansoprazole, leading to direct cost savings of more than one-third (36%). Furthermore, patients receiving esomeprazole 20 mg on-demand were more satisfied with their treatment after 1 month compared with patients taking lansoprazole 15 mg continuously. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, esomeprazole 20 mg on-demand is more acceptable to patients and is an economically more effective treatment than lansoprazole 15 mg continuously.


Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Esomeprazole/analogs & derivatives , Esomeprazole/administration & dosage , Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy , 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Ulcer Agents/adverse effects , Esomeprazole/adverse effects , Humans , Lansoprazole , Middle Aged , Patient Satisfaction , Single-Blind Method , Treatment Outcome
20.
J Clin Pediatr Dent ; 26(1): 61-4, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11688816

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the developmental changes of mandibular permanent canines and premolars in early mixed dentition using panoramic radiographs. Positions of cusps and root apices of the teeth relative to the inferior border of mandible were evaluated. The developmental stages of the teeth were divided into three stages. There were few changes in the inclination of the three teeth. The permanent canine began to erupt before stage 2 and the second premolar began to erupt after stage 2. The distance between the inferior border of the mandible and apices of the three teeth was almost fixed in early mixed dentition.


Subject(s)
Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging , Cuspid/diagnostic imaging , Dentition, Mixed , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Alveolar Process/diagnostic imaging , Alveolar Process/growth & development , Analysis of Variance , Bicuspid/physiology , Child , Cuspid/physiology , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Male , Mandible/growth & development , Odontogenesis/physiology , Odontometry , Radiography, Panoramic , Regression Analysis , Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Apex/physiology , Tooth Crown/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Crown/physiology , Tooth Eruption/physiology
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