Resolution of Auditory Hallucinations After Right Temporal Haemorrhagic Stroke in a Patient With Clozapine-Resistant Schizoaffective Disorder: a Case Report.

We present a young woman with clozapine-resistant schizoaffective disorder who was treated with maintenance electroconvulsive therapy and multiple antipsychotics but continued to have auditory hallucinations. She had a haemorrhagic stroke secondary to a ruptured arteriovenous malformation at the right superior temporal gyrus, which was excised during emergency craniotomy. Despite having neurological deficits after the stroke, she reported cessation of auditory hallucinations. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed Wallerian degeneration over the right temporal region. Personalised neuromodulation intervention may be a more effective treatment option for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.

Spatial and temporal variations of coastal microplastic pollution in Hong Kong.

Further to our 2015-16 investigation, this study revealed the repeated presence of microplastics (MPs) in the coastal environment (Deep Bay, Tolo Harbour, Tsing Yi and Victoria Harbour) of Hong Kong from July 2016 to March 2017. The highest level of MPs in coastal surface water (17,182 particles/100 m3) was detected in Tsing Yi. Microplastic abundance in sediments of different sites (59 to 225 plastic particles/kg), however, did not vary significantly. MPs in the size of ≤1 mm were predominated in surface waters (53.3% to 98.6%) and sediments (79.1% to 96.8%). MPs in the shape of pellets and fragments were prevalent in surface waters and sediments respectively. Seasonal pattern of microplastic pollution was consistently observed in Victoria Harbour and Tsing Yi, where the number of MPs was always higher in dry season than in wet season for two consecutive years.

Microplastic pollution in the marine waters and sediments of Hong Kong.

The presence of plastic waste with a diameter of less than 5mm ("microplastics") in marine environments has prompted increasing concern in recent years, both locally and globally. We conducted seasonal surveys of microplastic pollution in the surface waters and sediments from Deep Bay, Tolo Harbor, Tsing Yi, and Victoria Harbor in Hong Kong between June 2015 and March 2016. The average concentrations of microplastics in local coastal waters and sediments respectively ranged from 51 to 27,909particles per 100m3 and 49 to 279particles per kilogram. Microplastics of different shapes (mainly fragments, lines, fibers, and pellets) were identified as polypropylene, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, a blend of polypropylene and ethylene propylene, and styrene acrylonitrile by means of Attenuated Total Reflectance - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. This is the first comprehensive study to assess the spatial and temporal variations of microplastic pollution in Hong Kong coastal regions.

Radiofrequency ablation for 110 malignant liver tumours: preliminary results on percutaneous and surgical approaches.

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely applied for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases. The reported mortality and morbidity rates are low. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RFA, and compare the results performed percutaneously versus surgically. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 2003 to 2006, 79 patients with hepatic malignancies (59 hepatocellular carcinoma, 20 liver metastases) with a total of 110 lesions underwent RFA in our centre. Postablation assessment by CT scan was performed in all patients at 1-, 3- and 6-month intervals. Post-procedural complications, recurrence and survival were analysed. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 60.0 years. In 46.8% of cases, we used a percutaneous approach; in 53.2% of cases, a surgical approach (8.9% laparoscopic; 44.3% open) was used if percutaneous approach was not feasible. The mean tumour size was 2.4 cm. Within the surgical group, 69% of patients received concomitant operative procedures such as cholecystectomy and hepatectomy. No treatment-related mortality was observed. Immediate complications occurred in five patients (6.3%), including gastric serosal burn (n = 1), ground pad superficial skin burn (n = 1), intra-abdominal bleeding (n = 2) and pleural effusion (n = 1). All patients except one attended subsequent follow-up, with a mean period of 16 months. Ablation was considered complete in 82.3% of patients (percutaneous approach 81.1%, surgical approach 83.3%, p = 0.72). Intrahepatic recurrence was observed in 52.3%, the majority of them located away from the RFA site. Extrahepatic recurrences were observed in 16.9% (percutaneous approach 16.7%, surgical approach 17.1%, p = 0.76). The overall one- and two-year survival rate was 93.7% and 74.4% respectively, and no statistically significant difference was observed between the two approaches. CONCLUSION: RFA is a safe and effective procedure for treating patients with malignant liver tumours. No difference in short term outcomes was observed between percutaneous and surgical approaches. A more prolonged follow-up study is required to assess longer-term outcomes.

Use of spent mushroom compost to bioremediate PAH-contaminated samples.

Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is a bulky waste byproduct of mushroom industry and produced abundantly. The SMC of Pleurotus pulmonarius immobilized laccase (0.88 mmoles min(-1) g(-1)) and manganese peroxidase (0.58 mmoles min(-1) g(-1)) of which the optimal temperatures were 45 and 75 degrees C, respectively. In laboratory test, complete degradative removal of individual naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (200 mg PAH kg(-1) sandy-loam soil) by 5% SMC was obtained in two days under continuous shaking at 80 degrees C. The SMC-treated PAH samples had significantly reduced or removed their toxicities as revealed by the Microtox bioassay. These results were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on the breakdown products. A phthalic derivative which is reported as a degradative product of PAHs by ozonation or ligninolysis was also detected in the SMC-treated samples. The results demonstrate the potential in employing SMC in ex situ bioremediation.