Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model in Wistar Rats as Dependent on Stress Resistance and Age.

The article focuses on the pathogenetic mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is associated with psychological stress because of the coronavirus pandemic. The molecular mechanisms responsible for disease susceptibility in some individuals and stress resistance in others are amongst crucial research interests of experimental and clinical medicine. Priority data were obtained to indicate that distortions of synthesis and metabolism and, most significantly, a switch between two energy transport forms, glucose and lipids, underlie myocardial dysfunction in young and old stress-sensitive Wistar rats in a PTSD model. Histochemistry and polarization microscopy showed energy deficit in cardiomyocytes and signs of ischemic and hypoxic areas emerging in the myocardium as a result of an accumulation of NADH and NADPH, which initiate excessive production of reactive oxygen species.

New Morphofunctional Criteria for Resistance Profile in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Models as Adrenal Dysfunction Trigger.

For the first time in modeling posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we have described the morphofunctional state of adrenal glands in Wistar rats resistant and sensitive to predator stress (rodent fear of the predator). Despite the evident signs of adrenal dysfunction in both phenotypes, we have discovered the thickening of undifferentiated cell zone and high indices of functional activity of stem cells in resistant animals, suggesting ample adaptation. The most important data demonstrate the direct relationship between the reduction of corticosterone and testosterone levels and adrenal dysfunction in PTSD models. The study results allow considering the adrenal stem cells as potential therapeutic targets.

Erratum to: "Anxiety and neurometabolite levels in the hippocampus and amygdala after prolonged exposure to predator-scent stress".

Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2019;23(5):582-587 (in Russian) Page 587, in Acknowledgements instead of The animals and behavioral testing are supported by the budget project (No. 0324-2019-0041). The MRI study is supported by the budget project (No. 0259-2019-0004). All studies are implemented using the equipment of Center for Genetic Resources of Laboratory Animals at ICG SB RAS, supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (Unique ID# of the project: RFMEFI62117X0015). should read The animals and behavioral testing are supported by the budget project (No. 0324-2019-0041). The MRI study is supported by the budget project (No. 0259-2019-0004). All studies are implemented using the equipment of Center for Genetic Resources of Laboratory Animals at ICG SB RAS, supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (Unique ID# of the project: RFMEFI62117X0015). The study was conducted within the basic part of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (No. 17.7255.2017/8.9). The original article can be found under DOI 10.18699/VJ19.528.

Glucocorticoid-Related Regulation of LPO in Brain Cortex during Anxiogenic Stress.

Under conditions of periodic exposures to anxiogenic stress, intensification of LPO in the brain cortex is a glucocorticoid-dependent process. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486 prevented increase in monoamine oxidase B activity and content of LPO products of in brain cortex typical of anxiogenic stress. Normalization of LPO intensity under the effect of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist was associated with the correction of stress-induced disturbances.

[The application of panel CytoDiff for monitoring of effectiveness of antiviral therapy in HIV-infected patients].

The study of HIV-infected patients using new five-color panel CytoDiff for flow cytofluorometry revealed the imbalance in subpopulations of leukocytes. The manifestations consisted in significant decrease of total amount of lymphocytes and also CD16+ lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes and eosinocytes with synchronous increase of level of CD16+ monocytes, neutrophils and immature B-lymphocytes. After application to patients of highly active anti-retroviral therapy occurred decrease of viral load under synchronous increase of total level of lymphocytes, CD16+ lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and also decrease of amount of CD16+ monocytes, neutrophils and immature B-lymphocytes.

Effects of glucocorticoid antagonist on protein carbonylation in rat liver after daily 1-hour immobilizations.

Daily (for 3 days) 1-hour immobilizations were followed by an increase in protein oxidative modification and leukocyte infiltration in the liver, and a decrease in monoamine oxidase B activity. Receptor antagonist of glucocorticoids RU38486 limited the stress-induced increase in protein carbonylation and decrease in monoamine oxidase B activity in the organ and enhanced leukocyte infiltration of the liver.

Correlation between circulating corticosterone and protein carbonylation in the liver after short-term hypokinesia.

We studied the correlation of the concentration of circulating corticosterone and parameters of dexamethasone suppression test with the level of protein carbonylation in the liver after short-term hypokinesia. Increasing hypokinesia duration was followed by worsening of disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system via a negative feedback mechanism and enhanced protein carbonylation in the liver.

Effects of preliminary hypokinetic stress on sensitivity of the bone marrow to the hypoplastic effect of exogenous glucocorticoid.

We studied the cell composition and free radical oxidation in the bone marrow of white outbred rats after hypokinetic stress (24 and 72 h) and the effects of exogenous glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide (2 mg/kg; injected 24 h after hypokinesia); the measurements were performed in 96 h after drug administration. The hypoplastic effect of the glucocorticoid after 24-h hypokinesia was observed against the background of reduced free radical oxidation. In animals subjected to 3-day hypokinesia, the resistance of the bone marrow to the hypoplastic effect of this drug was accompanied by activation of free radical processes.

Modulatory influence of rarely repeated of immobilization episodes on the interleukin-1ß-dependent reaction of blood leukocytes and hepatoprotective effect of restraint stress.

Repeated episodes of 1-h restraint stress were accompanied by a decrease in the sensitivity of blood leukocytes and cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases of the liver to recombinant IL-1ß. These changes are associated with the anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective effect of chronic stress.

Effect of IL-1ß receptor antagonist on lipid peroxidation in the liver in stress.

The content of molecular LPO products increased in the liver of rats exposed to daily 1-h immobilization. IL-1ß receptor antagonist limited the stress-induced intensification of LPO.

[Influence repeated stress on immune responciveness and monooxigenase activity of normotensive and hypertensive rats].

Repeated stress led to antipodal directions in immune system and cytochrome P450 activities of normotensive and hypertensive rats. Enhancement of the Reaction of Delayed Hypersensitivity, suppression of cytochrome P450-mediated monooxigenase activities were observed in Wistar rats. On the contrary, in the NISAG decrease of the Reaction Delayed Hypersensitivity, elevation of cytochrome P450-mediated monooxigenase activities were observed, as comparison with Wistar rats.

Activation of apoptosis as a mechanism of thymus involution during repeated immobilization.

Lymphopenia preceded involution of the thymus during daily immobilization for 1 h. Hypoplasia of the thymus was associated with induction of apoptosis.

[Effect of rarely repeated immobilization episodes on hypoxia-tolerance and anxiogenic stress severity].

4 episodes of immobilization stress (60 minutes, once 72 hours) led to diminution of hypoxia tolerance and anxiety-depressive disorders of behavior. The later shifts were associated with decrease of IL-4 concentration and simultaneous increase of IL-6 level in blood serum. The stress-induced behavioral shifts appeared to correlate with IL-4 concentration in blood of stress-sustained rats.

[Effects of triamcinolone acetonide on leukocyte distribution in blood system, mononuclear liver infiltration, and immune response under conditions of stress-induced hypoxia in rats].

The effect of triamcinolone acetonide (2 mg/kg) on the distribution of morphologically mature leukocytes in the blood system, the mononuclear liver infiltration, and the immune response was studied in rats under conditions of stress-induced hypoxia. Administered under these conditions, the drug produces a less pronounced effect on the content of circulating lymphocytes, the lymphoid cell number in the bone marrow, and the number of hepatocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the liver. However, the post-stressor immunodepressant effect of triamcinolone acetonide was increased and accompanied by the development of hepatic damage.