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1.
Curr Med Chem ; 2024 02 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38343047

ABSTRACT

The study of antioxidants is of pivotal importance in biomedicine as these molecules could be involved in biological pathways associated with disease. The identification of new antioxidants together with the acquisition of a deeper knowledge on their biology, could lead to the use of these compounds as drugs for innovative treatments. Plants are an important source of phytodrugs that in many cases can be isolated with good extraction yields directly from the vegetal source and are often endowed with a low toxicity profile. Georgia, a country situated on the Black Sea coast in the Caucasus region at the intersection of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, is renowned for its unique woodland habitats and immense biological diversity due to the great variety of climate zones and landscapes. Many wild plants in the area are used as remedies for a number of illnesses in the local traditional medicine. However, the scientific knowledge of these sources of natural drugs and of their molecular components is still far from exhaustive. Therefore, with the present work we reviewed the scientific literature on some of the main Georgian medicinal plants and found that several species are a valuable source of hydrophilic and hydrophobic antioxidants, endowed in some cases with a high ROS-scavenging ability. The analysis of the literature also demonstrated that most of the medicinal extracts and compounds isolated from these plants are beneficial in suppressing multiple diseases in vitro. This review will provide information for scientists looking to develop secure plant-based pharmaceuticals as well as a rationale for using Georgian medicinal plants for the treatment of a range of diseases.

2.
Int J Reprod Biomed ; 21(2): 167-174, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37034292

ABSTRACT

Background: One of the reproductive medicine challenges is to determine the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Objective: Determine the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and pregnancy outcome in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: This case-control study involved 245 women (20-30 yr) and was conducted in Georgia, Tbilisi from 2019-2022. Of these, 175 were women with PCOS (study group) and 70 were healthy women (control group). Women with PCOS were divided into group I with RPL (n = 90), and group II with live births (n = 85). Group I was divided into subgroups A and B with and without insulin resistance. The investigation measured homocysteine (Hcy), follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, anti-Mullerian hormones, total and free testosterone were determined. To determine the ovarian volume and antral follicle count, participants also underwent an ultrasound examination. Results: In women with PCOS, the average Hcy level was significantly higher than in the controls, p < 0.05. In group I, the average Hcy level was significantly higher than in group II and controls, p < 0.05. There was no significant difference in average Hcy level between group II and controls. The average Hcy level in group I, subgroup A was significantly higher than in subgroup B, p < 0.05. The average total, free testosterone levels, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance levels (HOMA-IR) in group I was significantly higher than in group II and controls. HOMA-IR in group II and controls did not differ significantly. The average anti-Mullerian hormone levels in women with PCOS were significantly higher than controls, p < 0.05. No significant difference was observed in average anti-Mullerian hormone level, ovarian volume, antral follicle count, and body mass index between the comparison groups of PCOS. In group I, a positive correlation between Hcy with HOMA-IR was detected. Conclusion: Serum Hcy levels are elevated in women with PCOS and RPL, which correlates with their insulin resistance status.

3.
PLoS One ; 7(10): e47398, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23071798

ABSTRACT

A major challenge in personalized medicine is the lack of a standard way to define the functional significance of the numerous nonsynonymous, single nucleotide coding variants that are present in each human individual. To begin to address this problem, we have used pigmentation as a model polygenic trait, three common human polymorphisms thought to influence pigmentation, and the zebrafish as a model system. The approach is based on the rescue of embryonic zebrafish mutant phenotypes by "humanized" zebrafish orthologous mRNA. Two hypomorphic polymorphisms, L374F in SLC45A2, and A111T in SLC24A5, have been linked to lighter skin color in Europeans. The phenotypic effect of a second coding polymorphism in SLC45A2, E272K, is unclear. None of these polymorphisms had been tested in the context of a model organism. We have confirmed that zebrafish albino fish are mutant in slc45a2; wild-type slc45a2 mRNA rescued the albino mutant phenotype. Introduction of the L374F polymorphism into albino or the A111T polymorphism into slc24a5 (golden) abolished mRNA rescue of the respective mutant phenotypes, consistent with their known contributions to European skin color. In contrast, the E272K polymorphism had no effect on phenotypic rescue. The experimental conclusion that E272K is unlikely to affect pigmentation is consistent with a lack of correlation between this polymorphism and quantitatively measured skin color in 59 East Asian humans. A survey of mutations causing human oculocutaneous albinism yielded 257 missense mutations, 82% of which are theoretically testable in zebrafish. The developed approach may be extended to other model systems and may potentially contribute to our understanding the functional relationships between DNA sequence variation, human biology, and disease.


Subject(s)
Mutation, Missense/genetics , Skin Pigmentation/genetics , Zebrafish Proteins/genetics , Animals , Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics , Antiporters/genetics , Asian People/genetics , Base Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Genotype , Humans , Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Surveys and Questionnaires , Zebrafish
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