ABSTRACT
GOAL: Comparative molecular-genetic characterization of Brucella isolates from dogs and reindeers in Russia by molecular-genetic typing methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 19 canine and 2 rangiferine Brucella isolates were studied by molecular typing methods based on PCR for differential species and biovar specific molecular targets and MLVA (multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis) using primers to 12 known variable loci. RESULTS: Using PCR for differential molecular targets, canine Brucella isolates were characterized as B. canis and rangiferine isolates as B. suis biovar 4. MLVA revealed 5 identical and 7 variable MLVA loci. Using the dendrogram. all the isolates on the data of 12 loci were classified into the close related cluster. On the other hand, high discrimination power of MLVA with a resulting Hunter and Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) of 0.9842 was shown to reveal genetic diversity for the isolates of 17 MLVA genotypes. CONCLUSION: B. canis and B. suis isolates from different geographical regions in Russia were genetically close related, thereby confirming known genetic relationship between these species. Related MLVA genotypes of isolates were connected to certain regions of preliminary isolation in Russia. To improve the system ofbrucellosis surveillance in Russia MLVA typing of more canine and rangiferine Brucella isolates having epidemiological danger for humans is required to be studied.
Subject(s)
Brucella , Brucellosis/genetics , Reindeer/microbiology , Animals , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Brucella/genetics , Brucella/isolation & purification , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Brucellosis/microbiology , Brucellosis/veterinary , Dogs , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Reindeer/genetics , Russia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
This chapter outlines the epidemiology of brucellosis in the Russian Federation and in five countries bordering Russia. Since the Soviet Union's dissolution, Russia and the newly formed independent republics have failed to maintain policies to control brucellosis and other zoonotic diseases. Many of these republics, due to weak animal control and prevention systems and dangerous food preparation practices, are still burdened with the human cost of brucellosis. The final summary of this section provides an example of the successful transboundary cooperative efforts between Arizona and Mexico, which could be applied to the situation between Russia and the bordering independent republics.
Subject(s)
Brucellosis/epidemiology , Animals , Arizona/epidemiology , Brucellosis/prevention & control , Brucellosis/veterinary , Cattle , Commonwealth of Independent States/epidemiology , Humans , International Cooperation , Mexico/epidemiology , Policy , Uzbekistan/epidemiology , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Zoonoses/microbiologyABSTRACT
Experimental studies and clinical trials were performed on possible increase of antibiotic therapy efficacy in brucellosis patients by correction of the immunity disorders with vitamin A. It was experimentally shown that vitamin A increased cellular immunity and accelerated sanation of guinea pigs sensitized with Brucella abortus 19 BA. The clinical trials demonstrated that the use of vitamin A in a dose of 33,000 IU thrice a day for 10 to 12 days during the complex treatment of patients with acute (36 persons) and subacute (57 persons) brucellosis lowered the average period of manifestation of the disease clinical signs and formation of the antibodies, increased the skin allergic sensitivity, the lymphocyte blast cell transformation, the total number and subpopulations of the active T-cells, theophylline-resistant lymphocytes, phagocytic and metabolic activity of neutrophils, showed 1.5- and 2-fold increased in the frequency of the infection transformation into a chronic process in patients with acute or subacute brucellosis, respectively.
Subject(s)
Brucellosis/drug therapy , Immune Tolerance/drug effects , Streptomycin/administration & dosage , Tetracycline/administration & dosage , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Animals , Brucella abortus , Brucellosis/immunology , Drug Synergism , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Guinea Pigs , Humans , Immune Tolerance/immunology , MaleABSTRACT
Brucellosis sepsis was treated by xenosorption involving the porcine spleen. Compared to standard therapy ineffective in protracted sepsis, the biosorption provided good results leading to a rapid arrest of the infectious process and eventual elimination of the organisms. As the data on related experience are not available in the literature, the above technique of brucellosis treatment is believed fresh.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/methods , Brucellosis/therapy , Hemoperfusion/methods , Spleen/blood supply , Adult , Animals , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Splenic Artery/surgery , Subclavian Vein/surgery , SwineABSTRACT
Low-molecular glucopeptide stimulated protection against brucellosis without the accumulation of complete antibodies and the increase of skin sensitivity. Water-insoluble lipopolysaccharide, though inducing the intensive synthesis of circulating antibodies and moderately pronounced delayed hypersensitivity, did not stimulate protection against brucellosis. This suggests that the cellular mechanisms and among them the system of mononuclear phagocytes, play the leading role in immunity to brucellosis.
