[Noninvasive transcranial electrostimulation of endorphin structures of the brain as a reparation activator: experimental and clinical parallels]. / Neinvazivnaia transkranial'naia élektrostimuliatsiia éndorfinnykh struktur mozga kak aktivator reparatsii: éksperimental'no-klinicheskie paralleli.

The authors evaluated the capacities of transcranial electrostimulation and the specific features of its impact on reparative regeneration of damaged tissues of different types, such as the dermal and gastroduodenal epithelium, hepatic cells, connective tissue, peripheral nerve fibers, on animal experimental pathological models and compared with the results of treatment of respective pathology in patients.

[The temperature-sensitive function of the skin mechanoreceptor endings]. / Temperaturno-chuvstvitel'naia funktsiia mekhanoretseptornykh okonchanii kozhi.

Impulse activity of the ischiatic nerves single fibres in response to focused ultrasound stimulation of the rat hind-foot receptive fields, was studied. The receptor units were divided into low-, average- and high-threshold groups by the value of their threshold responses. No impulse activity was revealed in response to direct action of cold or warm water on the foot in the afferent fibres. Warm stimulation evoked most obvious changes in the low-threshold units, whereas latency noticeably changed in the average-threshold, and potential activity--in the high-threshold units rather. The data suggests involvement of the average-threshold units in the temperature perception.

[The temperature dependence of receptor structures and temperature-related reception]. / Temperaturnaia zavisimost' retseptornykh struktur i temperaturnaia retseptsiia.

In acute experiments on rats, studies have been made on impulse activity of single fibres of n. ischiadicus evoked by stimulation of the receptive fields of the sole by focused ultrasound. Mechanical effects were produced by rectangular ultrasonic stimuli, thermal ones--by trapezoid ones. With respect to the magnitude of a threshold response to a rectangular stimuli, the receptor structures were divided into three groups, i.e. low, mean and high threshold ones. Low and mean threshold receptor units responded to local thermal stimulation. Mean threshold units exhibited an increase of the threshold to mechanical stimulation after local thermal one. In human subjects, the structures which are functionally similar to mean threshold units, evoke thermal sensations, and may be classified not only as temperature dependent, but also as temperature sensitive.

[Focused ultrasound in research on somatic reception]. / Fokusirovannyi ul'trazvuk v issledovanii somaticheskoi retseptsii.

Focused ultrasound has been used to induce the following skin sensations: tactile and temperature ones; specific and unspecific pain, underskin or deep sensations: tactile sensations and some varieties of pain (muscle, periosteum and so on). It has been established that: somatic reception is attributed to mechanoreception; the same receptive structures are cold and warm ones; ultrasound has the sensibilized action. Sensation differences of corporal and auricular acupuncture points and some accidental skin underskin spots have been investigated.

[The pain sensitivity of the skin in chronic psychoemotional stress in man]. / Bolevaia chuvstvitel'nost' kozhi pri khronicheskom psikhoémotsional'nom stresse u cheloveka.

The focused ultrasound has been used for the comparative study of skin sensitivity to pain in 51 healthy men and 64 patients with neurasthenia, natural model of the chronic psycho-emotional stress. The patients showed a distinct tendency to a decrease of the pain threshold, lowered adaptation to the repeated threshold stimulus, sensitization. With the presence of the above-mentioned factors the pain syndrome occurred relatively more often. Taking into account the fact that the focused ultrasound of rather high intensity affects, first of all, C-afferents which are not only cutaneous but visceral nociceptors as well, an assumption is made that changes in pain sensitivity in the neurasthenic patients are not limited by skin but develop also in the inner medium forming the pain syndrome.

[The summation properties of the somatosensory system demonstrated via a study of the tactile sensations evoked by an electrical current and by focused ultrasound]. / Summatsionnye svoistva somatosensornoi sistemy, obnaruzhivaemye pri izuchenii taktil'nykh oshchushchenii, vyzvannykh élektricheskim tokom i fokusirovannym ul'trazvukom.

Sensational thresholds of the skin of fingers, palm and forearm have been determined in 5 healthy subjects ageing from 20 to 49 years. About 100 summation curves were obtained. Critical duration of the electrical stimuli remained constant in various areas. Critical duration of ultrasonic stimulation increased from fingers to forearm. The data obtained together with those found in literature suggest that critical duration of the stimulus is associated with the diameter of nonmyelin nervous fibers which are affected by the stimulus increasing with the increase in fiber diameter.

[Tactile sensitivity as a part of the kinesthetic system (a comparative clinico-physiological approach)]. / Taktil'naia chuvstvitel'nost' kak chast' kinesteticheskoi sistemy (sravnitel'nyi kliniko-fiziologicheskii podkhod).

In experiments on healthy children as well as on children with inborn and postamputation stumps of the forearm, studies have been made of the relationship between the level of tactile sensitivity in the skin of the forearm and the level of its muscular motor activity; these studies were performed using focused ultrasound in children at the age of 7, 10 and 14 years. It was found that with the increase in motor activity of the forearm, irrespectively of the age, tactile thresholds decrease. The success of prosthetic appliance depends on the ratio between skin tactile sensitivity and motor activity of the forearm. The lowest thresholds were found in 10-year children and in a zone innervated by the median skin nerve of the forearm.

[Functional characteristics of the skin receptor structures in animals and man]. / Funktsional'nye kharakteristiki retseptornykh struktur kozhi zhivotnykh i cheloveka.

Threshold electrical reactions of single fibers from the ischiadic nerve of rats to mechanical stimulation and rectangle impulses of focused ultrasound have been compared with respect to the parameters of stimulation to the effect of focused ultrasound on the skin of human fingers evoking different sensations. It was concluded that low-threshold fibers may be associated with tactile reception, mean-threshold ones--with tactile and thermal, whereas high-threshold fibers may be referred to reception of specific skin pain.

[The development of connections in the tecto-thalamo-telencephalic visual system of the brain in 13-day-old chick embryos]. / Razvitie sviazei v tekto-talamo-teléntsefal'noi zritel'noi sisteme mozga 13-sutochnykh kruinykh émbrionov.

Light and electron microscopic studies have been made on degenerative changes in the nervous tissue induced by experimental destruction of the median brain bulb at the 5th day of incubation, in parts of the tecto-thalamo-telencephalic visual system in 13-day chick embryos (in the visual tectum, round nucleus of the thalamus and ectostriatum of the telencephalon). It was shown that to this period tecto-thalamic connections are already formed in the visual system, whereas thalamo-telencephalic connections are, presumably, indirect ones.