[The potentials of pulse Doppler echocardiography for the diagnosis and determination of the degree of mitral stenosis]. / Vuzmozhnosti na pulsovata doplerova ekhokardiografiia za razpoznavane i opredeliane stepenta na mitralnata stenoza.

84 persons were examined: 61 patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (21 men and 40 women), mean age 39.38 +/- 11.2 years and 23 healthy controls (14 men and 9 women), mean age 25.62 +/- 3.8 years. The morphologic and quantitative characteristics of the diastolic part of the pulse Doppler echocardiographic signal of mitral circulation analyzed by histogram of the time intervals show highly significant statistical differences between the patients with mitral valve stenosis and the healthy controls (100% specificity and sensitivity). The differentiation of mild and moderate from severe mitral stenosis by pulse Doppler echocardiography of mitral valve circulation, analyzed by histogram of the time intervals, is achieved with satisfactory precision by determination of the speed of the circulation fall in the early 1/3 of the diastole. The pulse Doppler echocardiograph performed by a transducer with 2.5 mHz frequency and the simultaneous M-echocardiography, the Doppler effect being analyzed by histogram of the time intervals, do not allow the precise determination of the degree of mitral valve stenosis.

[Clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of patients with an aortic valve defect before the implanting of an aortic valve prosthesis]. / Klinichna i khemodinamichna kharakteristika na bolni s aorten klapen porok predi protezirane na aortnata klapa.

The clinical and hemodynamic characteristics, perioperative and early postoperative results were studied in 38 patients with aortic valve prosthesis in order to determine the indications for surgical treatment in isolated aortic valvular disease. The basic factors determining the need for surgical treatment are: severity of the aortic lesion--stenosis and/or incompetence, degree of the harmful action of the aortic valvular disease on the left ventricle (clinical data for left ventricular failure; hypertrophy and dilatation--telediastolic volume greater than 300 ml/m2, telesystolic volume greater than or equal to 50 ml/m2; myocardial lesion; hemodynamic data for left ventricular dysfunction) and functional class of the patients. Most of the patients were with severe aortic incompetence and/or aortic stenosis and considerably diminished functional capacity. Only few patients had a low degree valvular lesion but they also showed some of the signs of its harmful action on the left ventricle.

[Superovulation induction in donor cows using the embryo transfer method]. / Predizvikvane na superovulatsiia na kravi donori pri metoda transplantatsiia na embrioni.

A total of 108 cows were gynecologically investigated. Twenty-four of them were found to be suitable as donors. These were within the range of the 40th to the 60th day following calving, were not inseminated, and had no complications at calving and over the puerperal period. Estrus was synchronized via implants (3 mg norgestomet Synchromate B, Intervet in s/c application); 8 days later the donors were injected with 3000 IU PMSG each in order to induce superovulation. On the 10th day the implants were removed, and each animal was injected with 22 mg prostaglandin F3 alpha. At the 24th hour following the onset of estrus half of the donors were injected with anti-PMSG (i/v). It was found that the capacity of cows to respond with superovulation after hormonal treatment was quite individual. The application of antigonadotropic sera on the first day of estrus limited superovulation and raised the number of fertilized ova, resp., of embryos able to be transplanted. It was demonstrated also that to shorten the period from washing the uterus up to the impregnation of the donor animals it is necessary to apply hormonal therapy and preventive measures in dependence on the functional and morphologic state of the ovaries and the sexual apparatus.

[Methods for synchronizing estrus and selecting recipient heifers in embryo transplantation]. / Prouchvane na metodi za sinkhronizatsiia na estrusa i na izbora na iunitsi-retsipienti pri transplantatsiia na embrioni.

Threefold thorough gynecological investigations were carried out with a total of 108 heifers with normal cycle, which remained uninseminated--in their choice, treatment with hormonal preparations, and transplantation of embryos, reducing their number up to 76. With the first test group of 35 heifers estrus was synchronized with implants, containing 3 mg norgestomet each. On the 9th day these were removed, and the heifers were injected with 500 IU PMSG (Intervet) each. The animals of the second test group (73 in number) were injected with 7.5 mg prostaglandin F2-alfa at 11-day intervals. The conception rate was 31 per cent higher with heifer-recipients treated with norgestomet implants and serum gonadotropins. Death was established with 47 transplanted embryos (61.8 per cent). With 19 embryos (25 per cent) death set in on the 21st day, and with 28 ones (26.8 per cent)--within the period of the 60th days of pregnancy up to calving. In 17.10 per cent of the transplanted embryos migration was seen toward the opposite horn, on the side of which the ovary contained no yellow body.

[Treatment of light and moderate arterial hypertension with acebutolol]. / Lechenie na lekata i umerenata arterialna khipertoniia s atsebutolol.

The authors follow up the effectiveness and tolerance of monotherapy with acebutolol in 47 patients with light and moderate hypertension, in a dose of 400-1200 mg in the course of three months. Twenty two of the patients have been treatment with the original French drug of the firm "Specia" and the rest 25--with the Bulgarian preparation, produced by Pharmachim according to a licence of the French one. The following parameters were followed up: arterial pressure, pulse rate, ECG, eventual adverse effects on 30, 60, 90 day of the treatment. The indices of cardiac output and total peripheral vascular resistance were calculated in a group of 13 patients. The results obtained reveal that the monotherapy with acebutolol, in light and moderate arterial hypertension, leads to definite, lasting and progressive antihypertensive effect in over 75% of the patients. The preparation has no significant effect on pulse rate and induces no orthostatism. It affected the total peripheral vascular resistance with 26% from the initial with unchanged or lightly increased indices of cardiac output. The Bulgarian drug, produced by Pharmachim, gives no way in effectiveness to the original French preparation.

[Intramammary drug forms of neotil in treating mastitis during lactation]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu intramamarnata lekarstvena forma "neotil" za lekuvane na mastiti po vreme na laktatsiia.

Technological, biopharmaceutical, and clinico-pharmacological studies were carried out on the varying composition of drug formulas that included a tylosin base and neomycin sulfate, intended for the treatment of mastitis-affected cows during the lactation period. A base was developed of suitable viscosity and physico-chemical properties, that rapidly released the active ingredients included in it and made them penetrate in depth in the udder glandular tissue. Both the base and the drug formula Neotil were shown to be well tolerated. Following the single intracisternal infusion tylosin was excreted with the milk up to fifth milking (the 60th hour), and neomycin--up to the 4th milking (the 48th hour). When applied therapeutically in the case of clinical and subclinical mastitis Neotil led to the clinical and bacteriological recovery of 92.5 per cent of the affected quarters. Developed was a microbiological method for the analysis of the active ingredients contained in the drug formula and the milk secretion.

[Clinico-pharmacological trial of the preparation streptobicillin depot-syringae mammariae]. / Kliniko-farmakologichno izpitvane na preparata streptobicillin depot-syringae mammariae.

Streptobicillin depot-syringae mammariae contains: benzathin-penicillin--1,200,000 UI, streptomycin sulfa--1,000,000 UI, vitamin A oleosum--15,000 UI in a suitable base up to 10 ml. It is intended for the therapy and prophylaxis of inapparent mastitis of cows during the dry period. The preparation was tested in a total of 301 udder quarts of cows in terms of tolerance (general and local), depot effect, residual amounts, bactericidic effect, and therapeutic effect. The preparation was found to be well tolerated by the body and the parenchyma of the udder. The duration of its effect was 25 days. No residual amounts were found in the milk during the following lactation. The bactericidic effect in vitro reached 92.4 per cent, and in vivo--87.3 per cent of the cases. Positive therapeutic effect was found in 87.1 per cent of the cases, with subclinical mastitis it being 80.2 per cent, with latent infections--96.2 per cent, with secretion disturbances--94.3 per cent. Results revealed that the preparation was suitable to control inapparent mastitis in cows during the dry period.

[Alpha cholesterol in ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarct]. / Nivata na alfa-kholesterola pri iskhemichna bolest na surtseto s miokarden infarkt.

Alpha-cholesterol is one of the risk factors for the manifestation of myocardial infarction. The authors examined 48 patients with ischemic heart disease, complicated with myocardial infarction, 28 males and 20 females, aged from 40 to 60, treated at the Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases with Intensive Unit, RIID--Med. Academy. Ninety three control subjects were examined for a comparison--43 males and 50 females, aged from 40 to 60. Lower alpha-cholesterol values were found in the patients with myocardial infarction. Those data coincide with the communications in literature. Alpha-cholesterol reduction could be assessed as an indirect risk factor of a atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease resp.

[Distribution and forms of latent mastitis in cows]. / Vurkhu razprostranenieto i formite na skritite mastiti po kravite.

A study on the distribution of symptomless mastitis in cows on its forms and onthe percentage involvement of the individual microorganisms isolated in the positively reacting cases was carried out including clinical, cytological and microbiological investigations. The study covered 8 cow farms with a total number of 2377 cows. It was established that 68.42% of the cows suffer from symptomless mastitis and 24.09% of the udder quarters. In 32.39% of the latter cases non-specific mastitis or the so called secretory disturbance was observed, while in 67.61%--bacterial mastitis, which in 50.75% had a subclinical course, while in 17.36--as latent infection. In the samples with pathogenic microorganisms 72.35% had staphylococci, 14.32%--micrococci, 8.39%--streptococci and the remaining 4.94%--other kinds of bacteria. The appearance and distribution of symptomless mastitis in cows is the result of bad management of cow rearing and use.

[Vibration of the uterine arteries during pregnancy in cows]. / Vurkhu vibratsiiata na matochnite arterii prez vreme na bremennostta pri kravata.

A clinical examination was carred out via the rectum to follow up the initial moment of vibration as established on the medium and rear uterine arteries in a total of 410 cows of the Bulgarian Brown breed by groups of first to eighth pregnancy. The vibration of the uterine arteries may serve as a good clinical sign to determine the age of the fetus. The following more important conclusions were drawn: 1. The uterine arteries start vibrating as pointed below: a. uterina media--in the pregnant horn from the 93rd to the 142nd day (on the 122.2 +/- 0.57 day); in the unpregnant horn from the 167th to the 210th day (on the 188.2 +/- 0.54 day, on an average); a. uterina caudalis--in the pregnant horn from the 200th to the 248th day (222.6 +/- 0.54 day, on an average); in the opposite horn from the 235th to the 279th day (256.7 +/- 0.55, on an average). 2. The initial moment of vibration of the uterine arteries is dependent on the number of previous births. 3. Closest to the average values are those established at the fourth and fifth pregnancy. At the previous pregnancy periods vibration starts earlier, and at the following ones--later.

[Level of estrogens in the blood of swine during pregnancy]. / Ravnishte na estrogenite v kr'vta na sviniata prex bremennostta

Studied were six sows crosses of the White Bulgarian and the Landrace breed during pregnancy for the presence of estrogenic hormones in the blood. The blood was sampled on the 15th, 24th, 34th, 54th, 69th, 89th, 110th, 113th day and on the day following farrowing. It was found that up to the 54th day the level of hormones remains low, not surpassing 2.6 +/- 0.24 ng estron and 2.6 +/- 0.22 ng estradiol per 100 cu. cm plasma. After the 69th day the hormone level rises, and on the day prior to farrowing it reaches up to 286.6 +/- 33.48 ng estron and 8.9 +/- 0.69 ng estradiol in 100 cu. cm plasma. The blood level of hormones was found to drop abruptly reaching almost the same levels that were established at the beginning of pregnancy.