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1.
Nutrition ; 72: 110637, 2020 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31951932

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Foods reducing postprandial hyperglycemia could suppress the postprandial blood glucose response after the next meal (a "second-meal" effect). However, the second-meal effect of refined barley flour bread has not been evaluated. The aim of this study is to determine whether consumption of refined barley flour bread reduces postprandial glucose concentrations after this and the subsequent meal. METHODS: We enrolled 23 healthy young Japanese adults and conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The participants consumed refined barley flour bread containing 2.5 g ß-glucan or refined wheat flour bread in a first meal, then consumed three rice balls as a second meal. Their postprandial blood glucose concentrations were measured 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after both meals. Participants with fasting glucose concentrations above the diagnostic threshold for diabetes were excluded. RESULTS: The blood glucose concentration 30 min after the first meal was significantly lower (P < 0.05) if refined barley flour bread (7.1 ± 1.0 mmol/L) rather than refined wheat flour bread (7.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L) was consumed. Significantly lower glucose concentrations after the second meal measured at 60 (P < 0.05, barley flour bread: 8.7 ± 1.8 mmol/L, wheat flour bread: 9.3 ± 1.7 mmol/L) and 90 min (P < 0.01, barley flour bread: 7.8 ± 1.4 mmol/L, wheat flour bread: 8.8 ± 2.1 mmol/L) were lower in participants who had previously consumed the refined barley flour bread. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of bread made with refined barley flour lowers postprandial blood glucose concentration after this and a subsequent meal compared with the consumption of refined wheat flour bread in healthy young Japanese adults.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/analysis , Bread/analysis , Flour/analysis , Hordeum , Meals/physiology , Triticum , Adult , Cross-Over Studies , Double-Blind Method , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Japan , Male , Postprandial Period , Young Adult , beta-Glucans/analysis
3.
Mol Imaging Biol ; 13(6): 1262-6, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21136183

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to visualize the human olfactory transport pathway to the brain by performing imaging after nasal thallium-201 ((201)Tl) administration. PROCEDURES: Healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study after giving informed consent (five males, 35-51 years old). The subjects were nasally administered (201)TlCl into either the olfactory cleft. Twenty-four hours later, uptake of (201)Tl was detected by a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/X-ray computed tomography hybrid system. For each subject, an MRI image was obtained and merged with the SPECT image. RESULTS: The peak of the (201)Tl uptake entered into the olfactory bulb in the anterior skull base through the cribriform lamina 24 h after nasal administration of (201)Tl. No participant had olfactory disturbance after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal (201)Tl administration was safely used to assess the direct pathway to the brain via the nose in healthy volunteers with normal olfactory threshold.


Subject(s)
Evaluation Studies as Topic , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Nose/diagnostic imaging , Olfactory Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Olfactory Nerve/metabolism , Thallium Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods , Administration, Intranasal , Adult , Biological Transport/drug effects , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nose/drug effects , Olfactory Bulb/diagnostic imaging , Olfactory Bulb/drug effects , Olfactory Bulb/metabolism , Olfactory Nerve/drug effects , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Skull/drug effects , Thallium , Thallium Radioisotopes/pharmacology
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