Lumbar load estimation using a musculoskeletal model in consideration of vertebral body displacement: Lumbar load simulation under static conditions.

In this study, we propose an estimation model of lumbar load, which is a factor in lumbar disorders. Our proposed method uses a musculoskeletal model with elastic elements between the vertebral bodies, and simulates the inter- vertebral disk pressure and the displacement of the vertebral bodies simultaneously.

Calibration method for lumbosacral dimensions in wearable sensor system of lumbar alignment.

Anteflexion of the spine is essential for many physical activities in everyday life. However, this motion places the lumbar disks under heavy load due to changes in the shape of the lumbar spine and can lead to low back pain. With the aim of reducing low back pain, here we developed a wearable sensor system that can estimate lumbosacral alignment and lumbar load by measuring the shape of the lumbar skin when the lumbosacral alignment changes. In addition, we used this system to measure the parameters of anteflexion and studied the change in dimensions of the lumbar spine from changes in posture. By determining the dimensions of the lumbosacral spine on an X-ray image, a lumbosacral dimensions calibration method based on body surface area and height was developed. By using this method, lumbosacral alignment and lumbar load could be accurately estimated using the wearable sensor system.