Contact model for DEM simulation of compaction and sintering of all-solid-state battery electrodes.

In this study, a discrete element method (DEM) that can simulate particle plastic deformation, sintering, and electrode compaction of all-solid-state batteries was developed. The model can simulate elastic, plastic, and viscoelastic deformations that occur particularly in mold compaction processes. When the stress exceeds the yield strength of the material, inelastic deformation occurs, which can be described by either a plastic or viscoelastic response. We applied this model to simulate mold compaction of an All-Solid-State Battery (ASSB) electrode. This study implements the following novel features:•The model was derived from the Maxwell viscoelastic model and enabled the simulation of the elastic, plastic, and viscoelastic deformation of particles in a mold.•Particle deformation and sintering are modelled by the rate expression of the equilibrium overlap.•The area and spring factors are introduced to account for numerical issues when the porosity approaches zero.

As(iii) removal through catalytic oxidation and Fe(iii) precipitation.

To remove arsenite (As(iii)) from wastewater effectively, the catalytic oxidation of As(iii) to arsenate (As(v)) and As(v) precipitation with iron ions (Fe(iii)) was investigated. The Pt/SiO2 catalyst functioned as a reaction site for As(iii) with oxygen in the atmosphere. The combination of the Pt/SiO2 catalyst and Fe(iii) precipitant improved the removal of As(iii) in the precipitate; Pt/SiO2 worked as both an As(iii) oxidation site and precipitation site with Fe(iii) precipitant.