[Palliative care workshop primarily aimed for physicians and nurses in order to improve the care of the end-of- life homecare patient].

Since 2008, we held a palliative care workshop primarily aimed for physicians, who engaged in clinical practice for cancer treatment. In order to improve the end-of-life stage patient care at home, we made all sorts of efforts not only for physicians, but we also made a workshop available for healthcare professionals to participate. There were more than 60 people participated the workshop: our 20% of physicians and 24% of nurses, 13% of nearby hospital and clinic physicians, 12% of pharmacists and 17% of nurses. According to our questionnaire survey, more than 90% of the participants were satisfied with the workshop. Only 8% of the participants expressed that the workshop was rather difficult. From our analysis of the results, it was clear that we attained a high level of participants' satisfaction.

[For the seamless care of home ALS patient on a mechanical ventilator--the importance of reducing the sputum].

Recently, many of the ALS patients on mechanical ventilator have been shifting to home based care from hospitals, and these ALS patients are increasing in trend. In doing a seamless transition from hospital to home based care, it is important that the burden of the family caregiver should be reduced while the patient is still in the hospital prior to discharge. We experienced one ALS patient on ventilator who could be cared at home smoothly by several measures for a reduction of sputum. The following procedural measures are thought to be efficient: 1 set the tidal volume of ventilator rather high, 2 treat the underlying lung disease for the cause of sputum increase, and 3 keep a good sleep to prevent a sputum increase in the night by the patient's body movements.

[The experiences of elderly patients' successful resumption of oral ingestion with home parenteral nutrition and multi-professional team approach].

There are many elderly patients with poor oral intake when they are hospitalized with pneumonia or urinary tract infection, and we often need to consider their proper feeding method, such as percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)or total parenteral nutrition(TPN). However, it is difficult to receive homecare services for patients who rely highly upon medical treatment. Meanwhile, a prolonged hospitalization is a serious social problem. Here, we report two cases of elderly patients who were able to eat because home parenteral nutrition care and seamless approach were provided by multi-professional team.

[Three cases of live-alone patients received an end-of-life care at home].

Many people hope to receive an end-of-life care at home. Due to the trend toward the nuclear family and aging society, most people, however, would end up in medical institutions. The low ADLs of patients, in addition to medical treatment such as home oxygen therapy and intravenous injection, make it difficult to spend an end-of-life care at home alone. We have experienced and reported here three cases of live-alone patients who could remain at home owing to the evaluation of domestic care ability by a Home Care Score and the appropriate introduction of social health care services.

[Evaluation of the family-care capacity by a home care score and management of home care].

We report the home care score (HCS) system to evaluate the capacity of care-giving family for the purpose of smooth and stable introduction of home care. We defined the family of low caring capacity characterized by low HCS as a "marginal family (in home care)". The HCS of a "marginal family" is less than or equal to six and decline easily to less than three by the progression of the disease or the environmental change, which means "care failure", the pathological status of home care. In the cases of low HCS, we should bear in mind the existence of a "marginal family", and "care failure". The close follow-up as well as the support of the community is indispensable for home care.

[Infection control measures for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) carrier at home--a trial production of infection control manual of our hospital].

It is thought that there is no effective traditional antibiotic therapy for MDRP, and a prevention of its transmission is the most important strategy for controlling infection. In practicing standard precautions for MDRP patients at home, we noticed some sort of anxiety and confusion among the healthcare workers and family caregivers. We made our experimental manual and unified our procedures for MDRP carriers at home to reduce such problems. Consequently, healthcare workers' stress was alleviated and the teamwork could be enhanced better. We think that it is significant to make a common manual for MDRP control to improve mutual understandings and to have a better cooperation among the concerned home care workers.

[A study of factors to be considered whether a patient to have a home dialysis service or not].

In the case of home chronic renal failure patient, there are two possible treatment options: home hemodialysis (HHD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). The patient's decision is much limited due to uneven distribution of dialysis services. Furthermore, it is difficult for a home elderly patient to make a decision alone because of the difficulties such as a transportation and daily life, low comprehensive ability to imagine actual dialysis life. In comparing with the introduction processes of dialysis, we investigated what it makes a tough work for home elderly patients to decide their own favorable dialysis. We thought the following points are important: (1) prevalence of HHD and PD, (2) provision of dialysis information to the patient/caregiver by visiting doctors, (3) assistance of family for a decision making of the patient and (4) a discussion about the dialysis discontinuation/withdrawal.

[Three elderly patient cases maintained by home hypodermoclysis--a practical hydrating method performed by family members].

Hypodermoclysis, the subcutaneous infusion of fluids, has been reevaluated as a useful hydration technique for elderly patients. In the care of end-of-life elderly patients who are unable to take adequate fluids orally, hypodermoclysis is a less stressful means for patients and family than an intravenous hydration. Further more, it shortens the duration of hospitalization. We report three cases of patients who could remain at home stably for a relatively long period of time because of hypodermoclysis administered by family members.