[Saturin - effective vegetative remedy in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].

A chemical investigation of plant Satureja hortensis L. - garden savory (GS) has been carried out. It is established that the GS is rich in phenolic compounds. Flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, cinaroside, luteolin-glucuronide, luteolin-rutinoside, isoroifolin and phenylcarbonic acids - chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid were isolated from the leaves of the plant. The total content of flavonoids and phenylcarbonic acids in GS is 1,6-1,7%. The leaves of GS contain up to 1% essential oil consisting mainly of thymol and methyl carvacrol. Dry aqueous extract of GS leaves, which retains the full range of substances of raw plant material has been obtained. Pharmacological investigation of the GS extract was carried out on intact animals and animals with experimental alloxan diabetes. Antidiabetic Arfasetine was chosen as a reference drug. The study revealed that the GS extract exhibits hypoglycemic activity significantly reducing blood sugar levels and is safe in the long run. Drug dosage form named saturin - capsules containing 0,33 g of dried aqueous extract of GS leaves, has been developed. Clinical trials of Saturin confirmed its effiacy in diabetes mellitus type 2. The drug is registered by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Welfare of Georgia (Registration Certificate №003658) and approved for use in type 2 diabetes either independently or in combination with other hypoglycemic agents. Saturin is manufactured at the Experimental and Production Facility of the Institute of Pharmacochemistry.

[Positive effects of angiotensin [corrected] receptor blockers on the course of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus].

The aim of the research was to evaluate some clinical and hemodynamic characteristics in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 (DM type 1 and DM type 2), to diagnose diabetic retinopathy (DR) on early stage of its development for the correction of the disease by treating with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (AT I)--Candesartan. Totally 250 patients (pts) with DM type 1 and DM type 2 were studied; they were divided into 3 groups (Gr.): Gr.1 (n=115)--pts with DM and without DR; Gr. 2 (n=43)--pts with DM type 1 and DR; Gr.3 (n=92)--pts with DM type 2 and DR. A comprehensive physical examination was conducted to obtain baseline information about the patient: clinical status, lipid profile, microalbuminuria and urine creatinine, as well as glycemia levels. Patients were treated with Candesartan (16 or 32 mg) or placebo. When necessary, other antihypertensive agents (except ACE-inhibitors) were initiated. Eye fundus monitoring was performed with evaluation of 7,300 standard zone stereoscopic pictures of the retina according to ETDRS (Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study). The results of three year observation revealed no pathologic changes on the retina in normotensive and normoglycemic pts; pts with mild diabetic retinopathy at baseline demonstrated normal levels of ABP and blood glucose which resulted in the regression of the changes. The changes of various severity demonstrated no positive shifts in 96% of cases; DR deterioration (proliferative DR, neovascularisation stage) was observed in 4% of cases. Results of the study showed that Candesartan treatment of pts with DM resulted in positive shifts in the pathologic changes, registered on the retina and decrease in urine albumin excretion rate. Thus, we recommend to include Candesartan in the standard treatment, as the have positive effect on the course microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus both in males and females.