[Influenza vaccine stimulation of antibodies to different variants of influenza A virus]. / Stimuliatsiia grippoznymi vaktsinami antitel k razlichnym variantam virusa grippa A.

The capacity of live influenza type A (H3N2) vaccines to produce antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibody to drift variants of a given serosubtype emerging later than the vaccine strain was studied. For this purpose, a wider set of antigens was used to examine retrospectively by the HI and virus elution from erythrocyte inhibition tests the paired sera from the subjects immunized in 1975 and 1976 with live vaccine virus strains similar to A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2) and A/Victoria/3/75. These vaccines were shown to actively stimulate antibody production in titres of 1:40 or higher to strains forestolling the vaccine strain by 1 (antihemagglutinins) and 2 (antineuraminidase antibody) degrees of the antigenic hierarchy. The intensity of production of both kinds of antibody to similar future strains depended on the intensity of immune response to the vaccine virus. By increasing the dose and frequency of administration of the virus serosubtype A (H3N2) to animals it was possible to intensify the production of antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibodies to later drift variants of this agent with respect to the virus-immunogen. Volunteers immunized in 1983 with a commercial inactivated chromatographic bivaccine prepared from the strains similar to A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) and A/Brazil/14/78 (H1N1) were found to intensively produce antihemagglutinins in titres of 1:40 or higher to viruses A/Philippines/2/84 (H3N2), A/Leningrad/167/83 (H3N2), A/Leningrad/3/82 (H1N1) but not to A/Dunedin/27/83 (H1N1) virus.

[Effect of repeated immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine on the formation of specific and nonspecific immunity factors]. / Vliianie povtornoi immunizatsii inaktivirovannoi grippoznoi vaktsinoi na formirovanie spetsificheskikh i nespetsificheskikh faktorov immuniteta.

A group of young people, totaling 1160 persons, was immunized annually with influenza inactivated chromatographic divaccine prepared from influenza viruses A (H1N1 +/- H3N2) for 3 years. Only in persons immunized once or twice direct correlation between the number of immunizations and their immunological effectiveness was observed. Repeated immunization produced no stimulating effect on the level of systemic humoral and secretory immunity. The innocuity of repeated vaccinations is substantiated by the absence of such effect on the somatic morbidity of the vaccinees and the levels of complement, lysozyme and beta-lysin in the blood serum.

[Importance of secretory antibodies in nonsusceptibility to influenza B disease and the prevention of the spread of this virus]. / Znachenie sekretornykh antitel v nevospriimchivosti k zabolevaniiu grippom B i preduprezhdenii rasprostraneniia étogo virusa.

Under the conditions of the natural outbreak of influenza B a rise in the level of antibodies in the blood serum and respiratory tract secretions has been found to occur in nonimmunized persons during this disease. Secretory antibodies, along with serum antibodies and in interaction with them, prevent the development of clinically manifest influenza. The asymptomatic form of influenza infection has been revealed: during this form of the disease the response of the body is limited to the local immunity system.

[Immunization with a complex preparation: a new method of influenza prevention. The basis for using a complex preparation for preventing influenza]. / Immunizatsiia kompleksnym preparatom--novyi metod profilaktiki grippa. Obosnovanie primeneniia kompeksnogo preparata dlia profilaktiki grippoznoi infektsii.

A combined preparation for influenza prevention (CPIP) consisting of an interferon inducer stimulating immunogenesis and killed influenza vaccine is proposed. Twenty five inducers-stimulators have been tested: polynucleotides, polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide extracted from Salmonella typhosa. Intranasal administration of CPIP to laboratory animals markedly stimulates interferon, secretory, and circulating antibody synthesis. Resistance to fatal influenza infection develops within 18 hours after administration of CPIP and its intensity increases in the following 14 days (the observation period.

[Action of different cell types in influenza antibody production. 5. Keeping the immunologic memory to influenza virus A serotype by B- and T-lymphocytes]. / Vozdeistvie razlichnykh tipov kletok v produktsii protivogrippoznykh antitel. 5. Sokhranenie immunologicheskoi pamiati k antigenam virusa grippa serotipa A B- i T-limfotsitami

The authors present data on the cooperation of the B- and T-lymphocytes in secondary immunological response to the antigens of influenza virus of serological type A. Cells of the spleen, bone marrow and the thymus in various combinations from the intact and immunized animals were transplanted to sublethally irradiated recipients; influenza virus was administered at the same time. Immunological memory to the virus antigens of serological type A proved to be preserved both by the B- and T-lymphocytes. Both in the primary and in the secondary response B-lymphocytes served as the precursors of cells-producers of antibodies.

[Interaction of different types of cells in production of anti-influenzal antibodies. IV. Stimulation of B-lymphocytes by several biologically active substances]. / Vzaimodeistvie razlichynykh tipov kletock v produktsii protivogrippoznykh antitel. Soobshchenie IV. O stimuliatsii B-limfotsitov nekotorymi biologicheski aktivnymi veshchestvami

Various biologicall-active preparations such as extracts of syngenous and allogenous thymus and LP S of Gram negative bacteria were administered to sublethally irradiated mice ascertain a possibility of replacement of T-lymphocytes in the production of antibodies to influenza virus. It appeared that the function of T-lymphocytes participating in the production of antibodies to influenza virus in mice could be replaced by the administration to these animals of extracts of the syngenous and allogenous thymus and LP S of Gram negative bacteria.

[Interaction of various types of cells in the production of anti-influenzal antibodies. III. Cooperation of B- and T-lymphocytes in the production of antibodies to the influenza virus]. / Vzaimodeistvie razlichnykh tipov kletok v produktsii protivo-grippoznykh antitel. Soobshchenie III. Kooperatsiia B- i T-limfotsitov v produktsii antitel k virusu grippa

Bone marrow and thymus cells of syngenous donors were transplanted to sublethally irradiated mice to study the interaction between the B- and T-lymphocytes in the production of antibodies to the influenza virus. Influenza virus proved to be referred to the thymus-dependent antigens; both types of the lymphocytes participated in the antibody production. The T-lymphocyte function could not be replaced by an increase in the dose of the antigen and of the amount of B-lymphocytes. The ratio of the B- and T-lymphocytes optimal for the antibody production was 1:1 or 1:2.

[Interaction of cells of the lymphoid organs in the production of antibodies against the influenza virus. Report 1. Localization of the virus in the cells of the spleen]. / Vzaimodeistvie kletok limfoidnykh organov v vyrabotke antitel k virusu grippa. Soobshchenie 1. Lokalizatsiia virusa v kletkakh selezenki

A study was made of localization of crude and inactivated influenza virus injected intravenously and intraperitoneally. Macrophages were found to engulf the virus penetrating into the spleen; this was shown by the quantitative and qualitative immunofluorescent method, elcetron microscopy and inoculation to syngenous recipients of homogenates of macrophagal and lymphocytic fractions of splenic cells. No virus was revealed in the lymphocytes.