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1.
J Xenobiot ; 13(3): 439-462, 2023 Aug 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37606425

ABSTRACT

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are well-known contaminants that raise serious concerns, even more than 20 years after they were banned. Their worldwide distribution and persistence necessitate continuous monitoring in all components of the environment. The most challenging issues of POP regulation are associated with international water resources because their solutions require international cooperation in environment protection. This review provides data on various POPs (DDT, HCH, endrin, dieldrin, and PCBs) and their concentrations in aquatic organisms inhabiting the Amur River basin, one of the most poorly explored regions of Northeast Asia. Most studies have been conducted in the Songhua River (China), a tributary of the Amur River, which indicates that large inland bodies of water, especially those of international importance, require more extensive research.

2.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 110(5): 95, 2023 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37184604

ABSTRACT

The widespread application of pesticides in the territories of the former USSR still exerts negative impacts on their ecological status. In this regard, dedicated programs for monitoring persistent organic pollutants (POP) in humans are implemented in several countries. Our study aimed to assess the accumulation of organic pollutants in breast milk of women residing the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (CAO). Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations in breast milk samples were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The POP concentrations in the samples varied from 13 ng/g lipid weight (lw) to 620.6 ng/g lw (median 58.3 ng/g lw). An assessment of health risk to infants fed breast milk from CAO women did not show any exceedance of the estimated daily intake (EDI). The results obtained are the indirect evidence of the presence of these compounds in the environment and their negative effects on ecosystems and human health.


Subject(s)
Environmental Pollutants , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Pesticides , Polychlorinated Biphenyls , Humans , Female , Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Milk, Human/chemistry , Ecosystem , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Pesticides/analysis , Russia , Environmental Monitoring
3.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 185(Pt A): 114256, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36272321

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to assess the biotransport of POPs, including OCPs and PCBs, by Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) on the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In 2008-2012, the Amur River basin, the eastern Kamchatka, and the mainland coast of the Sea of Okhotsk received the largest amounts of pesticides. In 2018, the transport of OCPs to the Russian northwestern Pacific reached only 1 kg, and the total OCP levels in muscles of fish from this region were significantly lower than in previous years. The average concentration of PCBs for all species under study differed from that of OCPs, with the highest concentration recorded from sockeye salmon. In 2018, pink salmon brought the largest amount of PCBs to the Russian northwestern Pacific. Coastal water pollution has decreased significantly in recent years due to the ban on the use of POPs in the Northwest Pacific (according to the measurements in 2010 and 2018).


Subject(s)
Oncorhynchus , Polychlorinated Biphenyls , Animals , Persistent Organic Pollutants , Rivers , Salmon
4.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 169: 112498, 2021 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34023584

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to determine levels of POPs (dieldrin, endrin, HCH isomers, DDT metabolites, and PCB congeners) in organs of chum (Oncorhynchus keta), pink (O. gorbuscha), sockeye (O. nerka), masu (O. masou), and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and to identify the patterns of toxicants' distribution in organisms and the environment of the northwestern Pacific. Principal component factor analysis showed that all the salmon species typically exhibit relationships between the PCB congeners and are characterized by a similar pattern of entry of PCBs 101, 118, and 153. The OCPs levels in the organs of Pacific salmon are decreasing from 2012 to 2018, which suggests the elimination of these toxicants from the northwestern Pacific Ocean.


Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Pesticides , Polychlorinated Biphenyls , Animals , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Pacific Ocean , Pesticides/analysis , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Salmon
5.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 164: 111977, 2021 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33589318

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential of using flounders as bioindicators of accumulation and transformation of POPs and to assess the possible environmental risk to the health of the population of the Russian coastal regions. The mean levels of HCH, DDT, and PCBs in the flounders were as follows: in the eastern Sea of Okhotsk, 49 ± 51, 62 ± 89, and 106 ± 83 ng/g lipid weight; in the southern Sea of Okhotsk, 36 ± 37, 15 ± 16, and 97 ± 41 ng/g lipid wt; in the Sea of Japan/East Sea, 62 ± 36, 39 ± 28, and 1616 ± 1177 ng/g lipid wt, respectively. In the Tatar Strait, OCPs were represented mainly by ß-HCH with a concentration of 221 ± 182 ng/g lipid wt; the PCB level was 455 ± 317 ng/g lipid wt. Values of ILCR = 2.1·10-5 due to the consumption of flounder from the Sea of Japan/East Sea at a rate of 29 kg/yr indicate a probability of developing cancer during a lifetime.


Subject(s)
Environmental Pollutants , Flounder , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Pesticides , Polychlorinated Biphenyls , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Environmental Monitoring , Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Japan , Persistent Organic Pollutants , Pesticides/analysis , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Russia , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
6.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 27(6): 5951-5957, 2020 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31863377

ABSTRACT

The present study is a stage of the regular POP monitoring conducted in the framework of the Russian Federation's National Implementation Plan under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The POPs concentration (ΣHCH+ΣDDT+ΣPCB) in the samples ranged from 23 to 878 (with a mean of 151.4) ng/g lipid. The ranges of concentrations of OCPs (ΣHCH+ΣDDT) and PCBs were 2.8-291 and 3.2-720 ng/g lipid, respectively. The mean values of OCPs and PCBs amounted to 80.1 and 74.9 ng/g lipid, respectively. As suggested by the results of the EDI calculation, intake of PCBs is slightly high in infants. The fact that most studies have associated PCB with effects, such as development of congenital deformity, reduced immunity, lower weight, and small baby size at birth, makes it an alarming situation.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Pollutants/metabolism , Maternal Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Milk, Human/metabolism , Bioaccumulation , Environmental Monitoring , Asia, Eastern , Female , Humans , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/metabolism , Infant , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism , Russia
7.
Water Res ; 161: 43-53, 2019 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31176105

ABSTRACT

The present review provides information on the main organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), widely used in world agriculture in the 1940s-1960s. The patterns of their distribution in the environment, as well as the toxicity, metabolism, and degradation are described. Some data on OCPs distribution in components of aquatic ecosystems in different regions of the World and, particularly, in the Far Eastern Seas of Russia-the Sea of Japan/East Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea-is considered for the period 2000-2017. The obtained results are discussed.


Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Pesticides , Water Pollutants, Chemical , China , Ecosystem , Environmental Monitoring , Japan , Oceans and Seas , Russia
8.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 26(8): 7640-7650, 2019 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30666573

ABSTRACT

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) constitute a wide range of chemicals. Their release into the environment has raised great concern due to their potentially harmful impact in humans and wildlife species. The aim of this current study was to detect selected POPs in hair samples of wild terrestrial mammals from Primorsky Krai, Russia, so as to assess potential environmental exposure. The tested wild species were leopard cat, musk deer, wolf, amur hedgehog, and raccoon dog. The targeted organochlorines were hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDTs (opDDE, ppDDE, and opDDD), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (acenaphylene (ACEN), fluorene (FLU), anthracene (ANTH) phenathrene (PHEN), and pyrene (PYR)). The detection of POPs was conducted in hair samples by a one-step hair extraction method, by using a headspace solid-phase microextraction technique (HS-SPME) and analyzed then by GC-MS. The majority of the wild animal hair samples were found positive in all tested pollutants. More specifically, the percentage of positive hair samples for HCB was 93.3% and for DDTs, PCBs, and PAHs, 20.0 to 100.0%, 6.7 to 100.0%, and 75.0 to 100.0%, respectively. DDT, PCB, and PAH detection ranged from 1.26 to 52.06 pg mg-1, 0.73 to 31.34 pg mg-1, and 2.59 to 35.00 pg mg-1, respectively. The highest mean concentration levels of all tested pollutants were found for musk deer (PCBs 12.41 pg mg-1, DDTs 21.87 pg mg-1, PAHs 22.12 pg mg-1) compared to the other wild species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides results regarding contamination in different terrestrial mammals by POP exposure. The use of hair as a matrix is proven to be an effective tool for nondestructive biological monitoring of POP contamination in terrestrial ecosystems.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Hair/chemistry , Animals , Environmental Exposure , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hexachlorobenzene/analysis , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Mammals , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis , Russia , Solid Phase Microextraction
9.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 137: 152-156, 2018 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30503421

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to establish the presence of POPs in the Bering flounder (Hippoglossoides robustus) from the Sea of Okhotsk (North-West Pacific). Concentration of OCPs (α-HCH, ß-HCH, γ-HCH, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDE) and PCBs (28, 52, 155, 101, 118, 143, 153, 138, 180, 207) in samples were measured by GC-MS and GC-ECD. The mean OCP concentrations in flounder from East and South areas of the Sea of Okhotsk were 99.8 ±â€¯125.4 and 53.6 ±â€¯40.5 ng/g lipid, respectively; PCB congeners - 112 ±â€¯94.2 and 88.8 ±â€¯50.8 ng/g lipid, respectively. POPs in fish tissue decreased in the order: PCBs > HCHs > DDTs. Our results indicate that consumers will have no health risk due to fish consumption from Sea of Okhotsk. OCP and PCB levels in the Sea of Okhotsk may be considered as background level for the North Pacific.


Subject(s)
Animal Structures/chemistry , Flounder/metabolism , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/chemistry , Pesticides/chemistry , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry , Animal Structures/metabolism , Animals , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/metabolism , Pesticides/metabolism , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
10.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 128: 208-213, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29571365

ABSTRACT

Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides by marine organisms is one of the methods of environmental quality. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (HCH isomers (α-, ß-, γ-HCH), p,p'-DDT and its metabolites (p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE)) in samples of seabirds (Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis, Crested auklet Aethia cristatella, Auklet-crumb Aethia pusilla, Pacific gull Larus schistisagus, and Gray petrel Oceanodroma furcate) and marine mammals (Gray whales Eschrichtius robustus and Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens) were measured by a GC-MS. The total concentration of OCPs in mammals was higher than in seabirds. Environmental biomonitoring with the use of seabirds and marine mammals, as a long-lived species, is used for global monitoring, since bioaccumulation in these organisms occurs throughout life. The environmental assessment of the Northwest Pacific marine ecosystems revealed that the levels of OCP contamination in this area are similar to the other subarctic regions of the World Ocean.


Subject(s)
Birds/metabolism , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Pesticides/analysis , Walruses/metabolism , Whales/metabolism , Animals , Arctic Regions , Ecosystem , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Pacific Ocean
11.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 99(4): 460-464, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28780637

ABSTRACT

The trace OCP concentrations, such as α-, ß-, and γ-HCH, DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) in blood and urine of residents from the south of the Russian Far East was revealed. A large range of OCPs was found in the urine: α- and γ-isomers of HCH, DDT and DDE. The only ß-HCH was detected in the blood; this indicates its persistence and the difficulty of excretion this substance from the organism. The total trace OCP concentration, found in the biological fluids of residents of the south of the Russian Far East, providing further evidence that these organic contaminants persist in the environment.


Subject(s)
DDT , Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Environmental Pollutants , Hexachlorocyclohexane , Adult , Aged , Cities , DDT/blood , DDT/urine , Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/blood , Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/urine , Environmental Pollutants/blood , Environmental Pollutants/urine , Female , Hexachlorocyclohexane/blood , Hexachlorocyclohexane/urine , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Russia
12.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol ; 73(2): 176-184, 2017 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28528412

ABSTRACT

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as HCHs and DDTs, are still used as pesticides in the Southern Hemisphere and can reach the North Pacific due to long range atmospheric transfer. Marine mammals (Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens, gray whale Eschrichtius robustus), the seabirds (Pacific gull Larus schistisagus, crested auklet Aethia cristatella, auklet crumb Aethia pusilla, northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis, and grey petrel Oceanodroma furcata) and Pacific salmon (pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, chum O. keta, chinook O. tshawytscha, and sockeye O. nerka) were collected near the Kuril Islands (the northern-western part of the Pacific Ocean), in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. The total OCPs concentration (HCHs + DDTs) was found in each organism, including the Pacific walrus (70-90,263 ng/g lipid), the seabirds (29-16,095 ng/g lipid), and the Pacific salmon (41-7103 ng/g lipid). The concentrations and possible sources of OCPs in marine organisms as biological indicators are discussed.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/metabolism , Pesticides/metabolism , Animals , Aquatic Organisms/metabolism , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Pacific Ocean , Pesticides/analysis , Salmon
13.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 113(1-2): 69-74, 2016 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27580871

ABSTRACT

Kuril Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk and the western part of the Bering Sea are an area of natural feeding of Pacific salmon, and the catch area of ones for food market. Food safety of products is an important task of aquaculture. Сoncentrations of HCHs (α-, ß-, γ-) and DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) were determined in organs of the pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum (O. keta), chinook (O. tshawytscha), and sockeye (O. nerka), which caught from the natural aquaculture region of Russia (near the Kuril Islands (the northern-western part of the Pacific Ocean), the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea). The average total concentration of OCPs in organs of salmon from Western Pacific is lower than that in salmon from the North Pacific American coast and the Atlantic Ocean. The region can be used to grow smolts, which will be later released into the ocean.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture , Environmental Monitoring , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/metabolism , Pesticides/metabolism , Salmon/metabolism , Animals , Atlantic Ocean , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Islands , Pacific Ocean , Pesticides/analysis , Russia
14.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 110(1): 82-85, 2016 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27357915

ABSTRACT

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α-, ß-, and γ-), DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) were detected in five individuals of Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Linnaeus, 1761 from the Sea of Okhotsk. The average amount of HCHs in the organs of fulmars ranged from 608±177ng/g lipids in the total homogenate of the organs to 2093±264ng/g lipids in the feathers with skin. The average range of the amounts of DDTs was from 3606±333ng/g lipids in the feathers with skin to 4076±1624ng/g lipids in the feathers. The bioaccumulation of DDTs by seabirds of the Sea of Okhotsk is approximately equal to that of birds from other regions of the world's oceans, while the HCHs concentration is significantly higher.


Subject(s)
Birds , Environmental Monitoring , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Pesticides , Animals , China , DDT , Feathers/chemistry , Hexachlorocyclohexane , Humans
15.
Chemosphere ; 157: 174-80, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27219293

ABSTRACT

Concentrations of isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (α-, ß-, γ-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were assessed in organs of the pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum (Oncorhynchus keta), chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), caught near the Kuril Islands (the northern-western part of the Pacific Ocean), in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. Pesticides have been found to accumulate in fish organs in the following: muscles < liver < eggs < male gonads. The highest concentrations in muscles and liver have been recorded from sockeye. Of the DDT group, only DDE has been detected. The average concentration of HCHs + DDE in the muscles of pink, chum, chinook, and sockeye was 141, 125, 1241, 1641 ng/g lipids, respectively; and in the liver, 279, 183, 1305, 3805 ng/g lipids, respectively. The total concentration of HCHs isomers was higher than that of DDE. Average HCHs + DDE concentration in organs of salmon from study area is lower than that in salmon from Pacific coast of North America.


Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/metabolism , Oncorhynchus/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Animals , DDT/metabolism , Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/metabolism , Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane/metabolism , Environmental Monitoring , Female , Hexachlorocyclohexane/metabolism , Male , Pacific Ocean , Russia , Tissue Distribution
16.
Environ Pollut ; 213: 727-731, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27023282

ABSTRACT

The Kuril Islands region is considered promising for development of salmon aquaculture. There are 41 salmon fish hatcheries in the Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, 34 of them are hatcheries of the chum. Therefore, concentrations of six elements (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) were determined in chum salmon were caught in this region. The contents of toxic elements (Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) don't exceed their maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) according to the Russian sanitary standards, but concentration of Pb are closely to MPC. Increased concentrations of Pb in wild chum have the natural origin. The unusual conditions of the Western Pacific are formed under the influence such factors as volcanism and upwelling.


Subject(s)
Fisheries , Oncorhynchus keta/metabolism , Trace Elements/analysis , Animals , Islands , Metals/analysis
17.
Food Environ Virol ; 8(2): 120-4, 2016 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26943130

ABSTRACT

The effect of carrageenans and fucoidans on the activity of Hantavirus is studied. It has been found that among carrageenans a significant antiviral effect is exerted by the ι-type, which decreases the viral titer by 2.5 log focus forming units per mL; among fucoidans, by a preparation from Laminaria cichorioides, which reduces the number of infected cells from 27.0 to 5.3 after pretreatment of both the macrophage culture and Hantavirus. The antiviral effect of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica is shown to grow in direct proportion to the increase of dose of the preparation.


Subject(s)
Carrageenan/pharmacology , Laminaria/chemistry , Orthohantavirus/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Carrageenan/isolation & purification , Orthohantavirus/physiology , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Seaweed/chemistry
18.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 99(1-2): 235-9, 2015 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26169228

ABSTRACT

The feeding habits of a gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) and a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), caught from the western Bering Sea in the summers of 2010 and 2011, have been studied, and concentration of persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in their organs determined. The total OCP concentration (∑HCH+∑DDT) in muscles and liver of the gray whales varies from 297 to 3581 and from 769 to 13,808 ng/g lipids, respectively. The total OCP concentration (∑HCH+∑DDT) in muscles and liver of the Pacific walruses varies from 197 to 5659 and from 4856 to 90,263 ng/g lipids, respectively. The specifics of diet as a source of pesticide accumulation in these two marine mammal species are discussed.


Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/pharmacokinetics , Pesticides/pharmacokinetics , Walruses/metabolism , Whales/metabolism , Animals , Arctic Regions , DDT/analysis , DDT/pharmacokinetics , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Female , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Liver/metabolism , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Oceans and Seas , Pesticides/analysis , Tissue Distribution , Walruses/physiology , Whales/physiology
19.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 22(18): 14379-82, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26187201

ABSTRACT

The content of organochlorine pesticides in blood of residents of the Russian Far East is assessed. Among hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, only ß-HCH has been found. This fact indicates that contamination of the environment and human organisms by this pesticide began long ago. Its concentration varies from 2060 to 22,230 ng/g lipid. The probable sources of the toxicant found in human organisms are discussed.


Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure , Hexachlorocyclohexane/blood , Pesticides/blood , Humans , Russia
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