ABSTRACT
Autistic traits including social reciprocal deficits, communication deficits and stereotyped behaviors, are manifested not only in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their families, but also in general population. In recent years, there has much research related to autistic traits. This article summarizes research advance of autistic traits in ASD relations and general population.
Subject(s)
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Phenotype , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
In this article, nano-magnetite particles (ferrofluid, Fe3O4) were prepared by chemical co-deposition method. A series of biodegradable triblock poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL, PCEC) copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization method from epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) initiated by poly(ethylene glycol) diol (PEG) using stannous octoate as catalyst. And the magnetic PCEC composite microspheres were prepared by solvent diffusion method. The properties of the ferrofluid, PCEC copolymer, and magnetic PCEC microspheres were studied in detail by SEM, VSM, XRD, Malvern Laser Particle Sizer, 1H-NMR, GPC, and TG/DTG. Effects of macromolecular weight and concentration of polymer, and the time for ultrasound dispersion on properties of magnetic microspheres were also investigated. The obtained magnetic PCEC microspheres might have great potential application in targeted drug delivery system or cell separation.
Subject(s)
Magnetics , Microspheres , Polyesters/chemistry , Polyesters/chemical synthesis , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/chemical synthesis , Ferric Compounds/chemical synthesis , Models, Biological , Molecular Weight , Porosity , TemperatureABSTRACT
In this work, a new kind of biodegradable pH-sensitive hydrogel was successfully synthesized by UV-initiated free radical polymerization. The obtained hydrogel was characterized by (1)H NMR and FTIR. Swelling behavior in different aqueous media and pH responsivity of the hydrogels were studied in detail as well. With increase in pH from 1.2 to 7.2, swelling ratio of the hydrogel increased. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the hydrolytic degradation behavior was also investigated in this work.
Subject(s)
Hydrogels/chemical synthesis , Methacrylates/chemical synthesis , Polyesters/chemical synthesis , Polyethylene Glycols/chemical synthesis , Hydrogels/chemistry , Hydrogels/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Methacrylates/chemistry , Methacrylates/metabolism , Photochemistry , Polyesters/chemistry , Polyesters/metabolism , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/metabolismABSTRACT
A series of biodegradable PCL-PEG-PCL block copolymers were successfully synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone initiated by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which were characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and FTIR. Their aqueous solution displayed special gel-sol transition behavior with temperature increasing from 4 to 100 degrees C, when the polymer concentration was above corresponding critical gel concentration (CGC). The gel-sol phase diagram was recorded using test tube inverting method and DSC method, which depended not only on chemical composition of copolymers, but also on heating history of copolymer's aqueous solution. As a result, the gel-sol transition temperature could be adjusted, which might be very useful for its application in biomedical fields such as injectable drug delivery system. And the typical shell-core structure of PCL-PEG-PCL micelles was introduced. The micelle-packing and partial crystallization might be the key gelation machanism for this gel-sol transition behavior of PCL-PEG-PCL aqueous solution.
Subject(s)
Absorbable Implants , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Polyesters/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Gels , Hot Temperature , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Micelles , Molecular Weight , Solutions , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredABSTRACT
In this article, a kind of biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL, PCEC) copolymer was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization method. The PCEC nanoparticles were prepared at one-step by modified emulsion solvent evaporation method using CTAB as stabilizer. With increase in PCEC concentration, the particle size increased obviously, but zeta potential only increased slightly. The obtained cationic PCEC nanoparticle was employed to condense and adsorb DNA onto its surface. Plasmid GFP (pGFP) was used as model plasmid to evaluate the loading capacity of cationic PCEC nanoparticles in this work. The DNA/nanoparticles weight ratio at 1:16 induced almost neutral zeta potential of DNA-nanoparticles complex. At this time, the size of complex became abnormally large which implied aggregates formed. So DNA-nanoparticles weight ratio should be chosen carefully. The cationic PCEC nanoparticles had the capacity of condensing plasmid DNA into complex when the DNA/nanoparticles weight ratio was lower than 1:8, which was evidenced by gel retardation assay. In vitro release behavior of DNA/nanoparticle complexes was also studied here. The obtained cationic PCEC nanoparticles might have great potential application in DNA delivery.
Subject(s)
DNA/pharmacology , Gene Transfer Techniques , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Plasmids/pharmacology , Polyesters/chemical synthesis , Polyethylene Glycols/chemical synthesis , Chromatography, Gel , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Nanoparticles/ultrastructure , Particle Size , Polyesters/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistryABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the apoptotic effect of photoexcited titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles in the presence of visible light on human hepatoma cell line (Bel 7402) and to study the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Cerium-element-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles were prepared by impregnation method. Bel 7402 human hepatoma cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium in a humidified incubator with 50 mL/L CO(2) at 37 centigrade. A 15 W fluorescent lamp with continuous wavelength light was used as light source in the photocatalytic test. Fluorescence morphology and agarose gel eletrophoresis pattern were performed to analyze apoptotic cells. RESULTS: The Ce (IV)-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles displayed their superiority. The adsorption edge shifted to the 400-450 nm region. With visible light illuminated for 10 min, 10 microg/cm(3) Ce (IV)-doped TiO(2) induced micronuclei and significant apoptosis in 4 and 24 h, respectively. Hochest 33258 staining of the fixed cells revealed typical apoptotic structures (apoptotic bodies), agarose gel electrophoresis showed typical DNA ladder pattern in treated cells but not in untreated ones. CONCLUSION: Ce (IV) doped TiO(2) nanoparticles can induce apoptosis of Bel 7402 human hepatoma cells in the presence of visible light.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Cerium/chemistry , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanotechnology/methods , Titanium/chemistry , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA Fragmentation , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Humans , Light , Liver Neoplasms/metabolism , Photochemistry/methods , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
The magnetic bovine serum albumin (BSA) microspheres (MS) were prepared by emulsification/solidification method. In this experiment, two kinds of magnetic MS, e.g. BSA MS and PEG-incorporated BSA microspheres (PMS) were prepared. The obtained MS were characterized by Malvern laser particle sizer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained MS were spherical and about 1.3 microm in size. The magnetic responsivity and in vitro release behavior of these MS were studied in detail. The in vivo distribution and targeting delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) magnetic MS after artery administration were studied in rat. The results showed that PMS could efficiently delivery 5-Fu to the targeted site compared with BSA MS without PEG MS and free drug.
Subject(s)
Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Pancreas/metabolism , Serum Albumin, Bovine/agonists , Animals , Cattle , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Magnetics , MicrospheresABSTRACT
To recycle calcium carbide residue effectively, calcium carbide of different crystal form, including global aragonite, calcite and acicular calcium carbide was synthesized. Both the influence of pretreatment in the purity of calcium carbide, and the influence of temperatures of carbonization reaction, release velocity of carbon dioxide in the apparition of calcium carbide of different crystal form were studied with DTA-TG and SEM. The result shows that calcium carbide residue can take place chemistry reaction with ammonia chlorinate straight. Under the condition that pH was above 7, the purity of calcium carbide was above 97%, and the whiteness was above 98. Once provided the different temperatures of carbonization reaction and the proper release velocity of carbon dioxide, global aragonite, calcite and acicular calcium carbide were obtained.
Subject(s)
Acetylene/analogs & derivatives , Calcium Carbonate/chemical synthesis , Acetylene/chemistry , Calcium Carbonate/chemistry , CrystallizationABSTRACT
Ce-loaded nano-TiO2 was prepared by the loading technology of metallic ions, and was characterized by XRD and TEM. The UV-Vis reflective spectra of nano-TiO2 and Ce-loaded nano-TiO2 were analyzed. The result shows that after loading rare earth element Ce the reflective spectral characteristic of nano-TiO2 moves to the visible region with a red shift to 500 nm, and the obvious change takes place in the absorbance in the visible spectral range with a three-fold enhancement. It is indicated that the load of rare earth element Ce is favorable to enhancing the absorption of visible and UV light of anatase nano-TiO2, and thereby greatly increases its photocatalytic activity.
