Interventions to promote the health and well-being of children under 5s experiencing homelessness in high-income countries: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: Homelessness among families with children under 5 residing in temporary accommodation is a growing global concern, especially in high-income countries (HICs). Despite significant impacts on health and development, these 'invisible' children often fall through the gaps in policy and services. The study's primary objective is to map the content and delivery methods of culturally sensitive interventions for children under 5 experiencing homelessness in HICs. DESIGN: A scoping review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. DATA SOURCES: Databases include PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched up to 24 March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: This scoping review includes studies that describe, measure or evaluate intervention strategies aimed at improving child health programmes, specifically those yielding positive outcomes in key areas like feeding, nutrition, care practices and parenting. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Articles were selected and evaluated by two independent reviewers, with a dispute resolution system involving a third reviewer for contested selections. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using various tools including the Risk of Bias (RoB) tool, Cochrane RoB V.2.0, the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), each selected according to the type of article. RESULTS: The database search yielded 951 results. After deduplication, abstract screening and full review, 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Two predominant categories of intervention delivery methods were identified in this research: group-based interventions (educational sessions) and individual-based interventions (home visits). CONCLUSION: This review highlights effective interventions for promoting the health and well-being of children under 5 experiencing homelessness, including educational sessions and home visits. Research has supported the importance of home visiting to be instrumental in breaking down language, cultural and health literacy barriers.

Nondestructive Evaluation of Composite Bonding Structure Used in Electrical Insulation Based on Active Infrared Thermography.

Nondestructive testing and evaluation of composite insulating components of electrical equipment is extremely necessary for assuring the safety of a power system. However, most existing nondestructive testing methods are not applicable for fast and effective live detection due to their time-consuming operation, high cost, and contact or near-field measurement. In this work, the effectiveness of active infrared thermography was investigated for detecting defects in silicone rubber (SIR)-fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) bonding structures, which have been commonly used in insulating components of power equipment. The effectiveness of differential thermal image for enhancing the contrast of defective and sound areas and eliminating additive noise was demonstrated. Particularly, frame difference thermal image obtained by subtracting two differential thermal images extracting from respectively before and after the contrast inversion was proposed to enhance defect identification. The results revealed that defects of various sizes and depths such as voids, cracks, and interface disbonding of the SIR-FRP bonding structure were accurately detected by thermographic data. With the advantages of a quick and simple process, safety, universal applicability, visual results, far-field measurement, and quantitative defect estimation capabilities, active infrared thermography would be quite promising for live detection of electrical equipment.