ABSTRACT
Antioxidant, antimicrobial, genoprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective potential of acetone extract of the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Lactarius piperatus was studied. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods (DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion radicals scavenging, reducing power assay, and determination of total phenolic compounds). The microdilution method was used to reveal the antimicrobial potential. The genoprotective potential was determined by Comet assay. Cytotoxic activity was tested using MTT. The capacity of the extract to inhibit acetylcholinesterase was used for determining its neuroprotective potential. The received results show that L. piperatus extract possessed potent health enhancing effects. In the antioxidant activity, IC50 was 33.97 µg/mL for DPPH radicals scavenging and 22.52 µg/mL for superoxide anion radicals scavenging, whereas the absorbance for the reducing power was from 0.0510 to 0.1451. The total content of phenolic compounds in the extract was 5.08 µg PE/mg. The testing of the antimicrobial activity showed that MIC values were from 0.039 to 10 mg/mL. For Comet assay, all concentrations of extract increased the GDI values from 0.46 ± 0.05 to 0.99 ± 0.31. L. piperatus extract expressed relatively strong cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 37.83 to 65.94 µg/mL. Finally, the percentage of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity of tested extract was within the range 16.75-44.35%. Our results imply that the acetone extract of L. piperatus has rather strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, genoprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects; thus this mushroom represents healthy food that could be used in the pharmaceutical industry and to prevent various diseases.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/chemistry , Cell Extracts/pharmacology , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Extracts/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Phenols/analysis , Phenols/pharmacology , Protective Agents/chemistry , SerbiaABSTRACT
As apoptosis and genome instability in children with autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are insufficiently investigated, we aimed to analyse them in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of children and adolescents with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), including possible factors that could affect their occurrence. The study population included 24 patients and 19 healthy controls. Apoptotic cells were detected using an Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD kit. Genome instability was measured as micronuclei (MNs) frequency using the cytokinesis-block MN assay. In addition, comet assay was performed for determination of genome instability as genome damage index (GDI) in new subpopulation of patients with T1DM. The percentage of apoptotic PBLs in patients with AID was significantly lower than in control subjects. There was a positive correlation between thyroid-stimulating homone (TSH) concentration and the proportion of cells in late stage apoptosis in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). The MN frequency in patients was significantly higher than in controls. Individuals with HT or T1DM had a significantly higher MN frequency than those with GD. Similarly, the value of GDI in patients with T1DM was significantly higher than in controls. The level of apoptosis was positively correlated with MN frequency as well as with GDI in patients with AID. In conclusion, children with AITD (HT and GD) and T1DM have a significantly lower level of apoptosis in PBLs and significantly higher MN frequency as GDI than healthy subjects. Apoptosis and the level of genome instability in these patients with AID are positively correlated.
