ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Las mastocitosis son un conjunto de trastornos clínicos, producidos todos ellos por una proliferación de mastocitos y su acumulación en varios órganos, entre los cuales el más común es la piel. Objetivo: Presentar la experiencia de pacientes con mastocitosis oriundos de Neuquén atendidos en el consultorio de Dermatología pediátrica en un período de 5 años. Detallar formas clínicas, presentación, topografía de las lesiones y evolución. Diseño: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, en el período comprendido entre abril de 2013 y marzo de 2018. Materiales y Método: Se revisaron las Historias clínicas digitales de pacientes con diagnóstico de mastocitosis cutánea que concurrieron al consultorio de dermatología infantil en la ciudad de Neuquén. Resultados: Se reunieron 23 casos de mastocitosis cutánea; de ellos el 60,87% corresponden a mastocitosis maculopapular y el 39,13%, a mastocitomas. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto al sexo. La mayoría de ellos presentó lesiones localizadas en tronco y miembros. El 95% tuvo signo de Darier positivo. Conclusiones: En nuestra muestra la presentación clínica más frecuente fue la mastocitosis maculopapular y la edad de inicio fue antes del año de vida en la totalidad de los pacientes. Las lesiones se distribuyeron en tronco y miembros en la mayoría de los casos. Los pacientes con mastocitomas solitarios permanecieron estables; en los casos de mastocitosis maculopapular se utilizaron antihistamínicos, con buena evolución.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by a proliferation of mast cells and its accumulation in several organs, being the skin the most frequently affected one. Design: A descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study, was conducted in the period from April 2013 to March 2018 in Neuquen city. Materials and Method: Electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with cutaneous mastocytosis who attended to the pediatric dermatology clinic in Neuquen city were reviewed. Results: We present 23 cases of cutaneous mastocytosis, of which 60,87% were maculopapular and 39,13% mastocytomas. There were no significant differences in terms of sexes. Most of them presented localized lesions in trunk and limbs. 95% had positive Darier´s sign. Conclusions: In our sample, the most frequent clinical presentation was maculopapular mastocytosis, and the age of onset was during the first year of life in all patients. The majority of lesions were distributed over the trunk and limbs. Patients with mastocytoma remained stable; maculopapular patients recieved antihistamines, with good evolution.
ABSTRACT
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) occurs in a wide range of tissues throughout the body of the rainbow trout. Results reported here indicate that the main peripheral sources of serotonin are the intestinal tract and the gill epithelium (levels above 1500 ng/g). The high intestinal serotonin concentration is mostly due to serotoninergic nerve fibres, which are present at high density in the intestinal wall. Only about 2% of serotonin is associated with mucosal enterochromaffin cells. In the remaining tissues studied serotonin concentration was below 160 ng/g: the highest concentrations were seen in the anterior and posterior kidneys, followed by the liver, heart, and spleen. 5-Hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels, except in plasma, were generally lower than serotonin levels, and were below our detection limits in heart, spleen and posterior kidney. Acute d-fenfluramine treatment (5 or 15 mg/kg i.p.) significantly increased 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio in the anterior intestine, pyloric caeca and plasma. Serotonin released from intestinal serotoninergic fibres in response to d-fenfluramine treatment is metabolized locally, and only a small part reaches the blood, from where it can be taken up and metabolized by other peripheral tissues, such as the liver and gill epithelium. The non-metabolized serotonin pool in the blood appears to be located extracellularly, not intracellularly as in mammals. In view of these findings, we present an overview of peripheral serotonin dynamics in rainbow trout.
Subject(s)
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism , Oncorhynchus mykiss/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , Animals , Fenfluramine/pharmacology , Gills/metabolism , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/blood , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intestines/drug effects , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Serotonin/blood , Serotonin Agents/pharmacology , Spleen/metabolismABSTRACT
Two general methods of synthesis have been developed for the preparation of long-chain beta-diketones. The first relies on malonate-type alkylation of acid chlorides derived from fatty acids, while the second, more direct method, involves coupling and subsequent hydrolysis of long-chain acetylenes with acid chlorides of fatty acids.
