ABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of 2-PAM, a component of the current nerve agent antidote therapy for U.S. military forces was compared to the pharmacokinetics of another acetylcholinesterase reactivator HI-6. Additionally, the effects of these compounds on muscle tissue following intramuscular injection was examined. Plasma concentrations of the oximes were determined by HPLC. Plasma concentration-time profiles for both oximes fit a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption and elimination. The results demonstrate that the half-time of absorption of HI-6 was significantly higher than that for 2-PAM. Musculoirritancy was assessed on the basis of quantitative histological examinations of the injection sites and by the measurement of serum creatinine phosphokinase. Comparison of the scores from the histological sections demonstrate no difference between the two oximes. Serum creatinine phosphokinase values were elevated following injections of HI-6, but were not consistently elevated following the 2-PAM injections.
Subject(s)
Cholinesterase Reactivators/pharmacokinetics , Muscles/drug effects , Pralidoxime Compounds/pharmacology , Pyridinium Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Cholinesterase Reactivators/administration & dosage , Cholinesterase Reactivators/toxicity , Creatine Kinase/blood , Half-Life , Injections, Intramuscular , Irritants , Isoenzymes , Muscles/pathology , Oximes , Pralidoxime Compounds/administration & dosage , Pralidoxime Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Pyridinium Compounds/administration & dosage , Pyridinium Compounds/toxicity , SheepABSTRACT
Fifty eight inbred strains of laboratory mice and two species of wild mice [Mus castaneus (inbred) and Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii (closed colony)] were tested for the presence of atropine esterase by the microhematocrit tube test of Tucker and Beattie. The results show clearly that laboratory mice do not have significant levels of atropine esterase as determined either by the microhematocrit tube test or by the agar plate test, and therefore that under these conditions atropine esterase is not a polymorphic variant as has been demonstrated clearly in the rabbit.
Subject(s)
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/blood , Mice, Inbred Strains/blood , Muridae/blood , Peromyscus/blood , Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred DBA/bloodABSTRACT
Seventy-three rabbits, 97 rats, and 124 guinea pigs were tested for the presence of atropine esterase by a new microhematocrit tube test, and the results were identical to those obtained by the agar plate test. Atropine esterase was present in 24 rabbits but was absent in all rats and guinea pigs. The microhematocrit tube test was simpler, faster, and less expensive to perform and as accurate as the agar plate test.
Subject(s)
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/analysis , Animals , Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/blood , Guinea Pigs , Microchemistry , Rabbits , Rats , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Capillariasis caused by Capillaria annulata was associated with dilated crops, emaciation and mortality of 23 juvenile wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in a captive flock. Gross lesions in the crops ranged from slithtly-thickened lining folds to a thick necrotic diphtheritic membrane covering the entire inside surface. The parasites were in the squamous epithelium. Hygromycin controlled the outbreak.
