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1.
J Nucl Med ; 37(4 Suppl): 19S-22S, 1996 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8676198

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: We have initiated a study in which patients suspected of having primary gliomas are given a single intracerebral injection of the thymidine analog 5-[123I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([123I]IUdR). The purpose of the study is to determine the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical and to calculate dose estimates to the tumor and normal tissues. METHODS: A patient with a cystic glioma was injected with [123I]IUdR. Whole-body scans and brain scans were obtained at various times after injection, and blood, urine and stools were collected and assayed for radioactivity to assess its biodistribution and clearance. RESULTS: Scintigraphic imaging demonstrated that the distribution of radiolabeled IUdR was mainly confined to the tumor (injection site), stomach and bladder. Disappearance from the tumor site and blood clearance were delayed probably due to collection in the cystic lesion. Eighty percent of the injected dose was recovered in the urine. CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetics of [123I]IUdR locoregionally administered to a human glioma in situ resembled those observed in a rat glioma model where administration of the radiopharmaceutical radiolabeled with the Auger electron emitter 125I was therapeutically effective.


Subject(s)
Astrocytoma/radiotherapy , Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Idoxuridine/therapeutic use , Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Adult , Astrocytoma/diagnostic imaging , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Idoxuridine/administration & dosage , Idoxuridine/pharmacokinetics , Injections, Intralesional , Iodine Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiotherapy Dosage , Tissue Distribution
2.
Radiol Clin North Am ; 34(2): 215-31, ix, 1996 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8633112

ABSTRACT

Significant progress has been made in radionuclide imaging of bones and joints. This largely is owing to advances in radiopharmaceuticals, particularly the antibodies, and in technology, particularly in the introduction of new computers and multiheaded camera systems resulting in improved imaging. These techniques have applied to the evaluation of articular and para-articular diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, osteoid osteoma, transient osteoporosis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, avascular necrosis, and facet joint syndrome. This article reviews scintigraphy in these conditions.


Subject(s)
Joint Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Joints/diagnostic imaging , Technetium Compounds , Citrates , Citric Acid , Diphosphonates , Gallium Radioisotopes , Humans , Immunoglobulin G , Indium , Indium Radioisotopes , Leukocytes/diagnostic imaging , Radionuclide Imaging
3.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR ; 14(5): 346-55, 1993 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8257628

ABSTRACT

The reported prevalence of biliary tract disruption following laparoscopic cholecystectomy has ranged from 0% to 7% in early reports. We have reviewed the first 823 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed at our institution and found 13 symptomatic biliary complications necessitating further therapy (prevalence 1.6%). This finding represents a decrease from the 2.7% prevalence found in our earlier series. The incidence of biliary complications will likely continue to vary depending on patient selection, operator experience, and new developments in laparoscopic technique. Bile duct injury and bile leaks are often difficult to diagnose but must be strongly considered in postoperative patients with abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, or continued bilious drainage from a surgical drain. Whereas computed tomography (CT) and sonography are sensitive in detecting perihepatic or free peritoneal fluid collections, they are nonspecific and definitive diagnosis of biliary tract injury requires hepatobiliary scintigraphy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), or percutaneous aspiration. Disruption of the biliary tree has commonly been treated with reoperation or percutaneous drainage. More recently, endoscopic management has shown encouraging results for bile leaks and strictures in small series.


Subject(s)
Bile Ducts/injuries , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bile Ducts/diagnostic imaging , Cholangiography , Cholelithiasis/surgery , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Radionuclide Imaging
4.
J Nucl Med ; 34(2): 173-9, 1993 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8381474

ABSTRACT

Iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy, transmission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate 36 patients with clinically suspected functioning paragangliomas. The patients were divided into two groups. In Group 1 (n = 21), studied before surgery, patients mainly had benign adrenal disease. In Group 2 (n = 15), studied after surgery, patients frequently had malignant or extra-adrenal tumors. In Group 1, transmission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were more sensitive (100% for both) than MIBG scintigraphy (82%), which, however, was the most specific (100%). In Group 2, MIBG scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging were more sensitive (83% for both) than transmission computed tomography (75%), but MIBG was again the most specific (100%). Thus, all three were complementary modalities for localizing paragangliomas both preoperatively and postoperatively. MIBG imaging is indicated for both groups but it is especially recommended for postsurgical patients with recurrence because the disease is often malignant or extra-adrenal.


Subject(s)
Iodobenzenes , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Paraganglioma/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , 3-Iodobenzylguanidine , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Iodine Radioisotopes , Male , Middle Aged , Paraganglioma/diagnosis , Paraganglioma/surgery , Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/diagnosis , Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/diagnostic imaging , Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/surgery , Radionuclide Imaging
5.
J Comput Assist Tomogr ; 16(6): 941-3, 1992.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1430445

ABSTRACT

In two of three patients with mycotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta, diagnosis was delayed, with a fatal outcome in one patient. A combination of studies, such as indium white blood cell scanning, and anatomical imaging modalities, such as CT and MRI, may be necessary to arrive at the correct diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Aneurysm, Infected/diagnostic imaging , Aneurysm, Infected/diagnosis , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnosis, Differential , Escherichia coli Infections , Female , Humans , Male , Pneumococcal Infections , Staphylococcal Infections
6.
Gynecol Oncol ; 45(3): 265-72, 1992 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1612502

ABSTRACT

Refractory epithelial ovarian cancer is generally confined to the peritoneal cavity and is thus amenable to intraperitoneal (ip) therapy. Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies raised to tumor-associated antigens offer the promise of selective tumor irradiation while reducing toxicity to normal tissues. We have conducted a phase I therapeutic trial to examine the feasibility of ip radioimmunotherapy utilizing escalating doses of 131I-labeled OC125 F(ab')2. Twenty-nine patients were each treated with a single dose of radiolabeled antibody. Twenty-eight patients were evaluable for dose-related toxicity. The toxicities most frequently observed were hematologic and gastrointestinal. Hematologic toxicity was noted in 5/14 (36%) patients receiving 18-87 mCi and in 12/14 (71%) receiving 100-144 mCi (P = 0.018). The median white blood cell nadir of 2-3K/microliters (range, 1.4-3.5K/microliters occurred at a median of 4.5 weeks and the median platelet nadir of 41K/microliters (range, 20-78K/microliters) at a median of 6.5 weeks. Mild gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in 4/14 patients (28%) at doses less than 100 mCi whereas at doses greater than or equal to 100 mCi, 11/14 (79%) patients developed nausea, vomiting, or chronic ileus (P = 0.021). This toxicity occurred most frequently in patients with protracted urinary 131I excretion. We conclude that 131I-labeled OC125 can be safely administered ip. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity is predictable and related to the dose and rate of clearance of isotope.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Carcinoma/radiotherapy , Iodine Radioisotopes , Ovarian Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radioimmunotherapy , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antibody Formation , Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/analysis , Carcinoma/immunology , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics , Iodine Radioisotopes/poisoning , Mice/immunology , Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology , Radioimmunotherapy/adverse effects
8.
Clin Nucl Med ; 17(5): 387-94, 1992 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1587045

ABSTRACT

A prospective evaluation of Ga-67 scintigraphy and transmission computed tomography was performed in 70 consecutive patients with AIDS who were suspected of having Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Studies were evaluated independently by two observers. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted. Although scintigraphy had a higher true-positive ratio at any false-positive ratio, statistically the areas under the two receiver operating characteristic curves were not significantly different. However, at an FP rate of 15% to 20% (one in the clinically reasonable range), the sensitivity for scintigraphy was 0.84 and for CT 0.80; corresponding specificities were 0.82 and 0.64, respectively, for the two modalities. It seems from these data that gallium imaging is probably superior to CT in detecting P. carinii pneumonia in this group of patients.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Gallium Radioisotopes , Opportunistic Infections/complications , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Opportunistic Infections/diagnostic imaging , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnostic imaging , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Radionuclide Imaging , Sensitivity and Specificity
9.
AJR Am J Roentgenol ; 158(4): 785-9, 1992 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1532111

ABSTRACT

Disruption of the biliary tree after laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been reported in 0-7% of cases, and likely represents the most significant postoperative complication. Documenting the presence and extent of a bile leak is often difficult. We reviewed the first 264 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed at our institution and found seven cases of bile extravasation and/or biloma formation (prevalence, 2.7%). All patients were first seen in the early postoperative period with abdominal pain and low-grade fever. Sonography was performed in five of seven, CT in five of seven, hepatobiliary scintigraphy with diisopropyliminodiacetic acid in five of seven, and ERCP in four of seven cases. While sonography and CT were initially helpful in determining the presence of abdominal fluid collections, they were unable to differentiate between postoperative seroma, lymphocele, hematoma, and bile leak. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was useful in demonstrating continuity of these fluid collections with the biliary tree and guiding further therapy. Four cases were managed with endoscopic biliary decompression, with the use of sphincterotomy or nasobiliary stent placement, with good clinical result. The other three cases were treated surgically with T-tube or external drainage. All patients did well clinically, without evidence of bile reaccumulation. Our experience suggests that sonography and CT are useful in detecting postoperative fluid collections, but cannot differentiate bile from other fluids. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is valuable as a noninvasive means of investigating possible bile leaks and in guiding further therapy.


Subject(s)
Bile Ducts/injuries , Bile , Cholecystectomy/adverse effects , Laparoscopy/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Bile Ducts/diagnostic imaging , Cholangiography , Female , Humans , Intraoperative Complications , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications , Radionuclide Imaging , Ultrasonography , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis
12.
Clin Nucl Med ; 16(11): 819-25, 1991 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1752091

ABSTRACT

Tc-99m MIBI SPECT was used to assess the early benefits of successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in nine consecutive patients. SPECT stress studies were done by artificial cardiac pacing just prior to PTCA and 16-20 hours later, with perfusion images obtained 2-3 hours after pacing stress and Tc-99m MIBI injection. Angiographic restenosis was demonstrated in three patients at a later date, and all of these showed no significant improvement on the perfusion study after PTCA. All four patients asymptomatic at 7 months following PTCA had an average 15% improvement in segmental perfusion after the procedure. In two patients symptomatic after PTCA, one showed angiographic patency and had greater than 15% improvement in perfusion, while the second showed no scintigraphic improvement (no angiographic data obtained). This preliminary study suggests that Tc-99m MIBI is an important adjunct to angiography in estimating the amount of myocardium "at risk" before and after PTCA.


Subject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Myocardial Reperfusion , Nitriles , Organotechnetium Compounds , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
13.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am ; 17(3): 559-83, 1991 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1947293

ABSTRACT

Imagers are consulted to confirm the presence of acute osteomyelitis, to evaluate disease activity and chronic osteomyelitis, and to confirm the presence of a sequestrum in active chronic osteomyelitis. Scintigraphy remains the most sensitive and specific modality for the diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis and the evaluation of activity of chronic osteomyelitis. Computed tomography is the best examination for the confirmation of the presence of sequestra. In this article, the authors review the various radionuclide techniques, their applications in the different clinical settings, and the way in which they correlate with other imaging techniques.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Infectious/diagnostic imaging , Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Diabetes Complications , Humans , Joint Prosthesis , Osteomyelitis/complications , Radionuclide Imaging
14.
Invest Radiol ; 26(7): 655-9, 1991 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1885272

ABSTRACT

This study exploits the ability of a collateral arterial network to trap platelet aggregates in order to document the frequency of macroembolization in rabbits after endothelial damage. Two weeks after ligation of the right superficial femoral artery, endothelial injury was induced in the distal aorta; within 3 hours the rabbits were studied using either angiography or 111indium-labeled (111In) platelet scintigraphy. Angiography indicated visible aggregates in the thigh region in eight of 19 and arterial occlusion in three of 19 rabbits. The collateral-dependent thigh also showed more 111In-labeled platelet activity than the contralateral side (P less than .001), whether platelets were injected before or 2 hours after injury. Radioactivity in the limbs of rabbits with no injury was distributed symmetrically. Blood pool volume, assessed with technetium-99m-labeled red blood cells, was the same in both thighs, and could not account for these observations. The findings indicate that platelet activation and aggregation after endothelial injury lead to microembolization much more frequently than it leads to macroaggregate formation and visible artery occlusion.


Subject(s)
Aorta, Abdominal/injuries , Blood Platelets/diagnostic imaging , Embolism/etiology , Endothelium, Vascular/injuries , Indium Radioisotopes , Animals , Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Endothelium, Vascular/diagnostic imaging , Erythrocytes/diagnostic imaging , Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Ligation/adverse effects , Male , Platelet Activation , Platelet Aggregation , Rabbits , Radiography , Radionuclide Imaging , Time Factors
15.
Arthritis Rheum ; 34(4): 481-5, 1991 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2012627

ABSTRACT

Alterations in renal eicosanoid levels have been postulated as a factor in cyclosporin A (CSA) nephrotoxicity. The effects of CSA on renal eicosanoid excretion in rheumatoid arthritis were studied over a 24-week period, during which treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was discontinued. The initial dosage of CSA was 4 mg/kg/day; at week 24, the mean dosage of CSA was 3.9 mg/kg/day. At week 24, the mean (+/- SD) serum creatinine level (1.04 +/- 0.24 mg/dl) was 32% above the baseline value; renal blood flow had decreased by 21% (P less than 0.03) and the glomerular filtration rate had decreased by 16%. There was a significant increase (P less than 0.03) in the 2,3-dinor thromboxane B2 level at week 2, but there was no significant change in the levels of the other eicosanoids. This study demonstrates that after CSA treatment, there is a selective increase in a thromboxane metabolite that parallels an increase in renal vascular resistance, even in the absence of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and with unimpaired formation of other vasodilator eicosanoids.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Cyclosporins/adverse effects , Eicosanoids/urine , Adult , Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism , Creatinine/blood , Female , Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects , Humans , Hypertension/chemically induced , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Renal Circulation/drug effects , Thromboxane B2/analogs & derivatives , Thromboxane B2/urine
16.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR ; 12(2): 115-30, 1991 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1863474

ABSTRACT

Several imaging modalities are available for evaluating the patient with acute scrotal pain. Until recently, scintigraphy was the initial procedure of choice in most patients, as it was the only noninvasive technique for determining integrity of blood flow to the testicle. Ultrasound was valuable when the scintiscan was inconclusive or in the setting of scrotal trauma. With the advent of color Doppler sonography, information about both structure and blood flow can be obtained by means of a single imaging study. If initial promising results with this newer technique are borne out, color Doppler is likely to become the primary diagnostic test in patients with acute scrotal pain. The role of MRI and MRS has yet to be defined.


Subject(s)
Diagnostic Imaging , Scrotum/pathology , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Child , Genital Diseases, Male/diagnosis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Testicular Diseases/diagnosis
17.
J Nucl Biol Med (1991) ; 35(1): 4-9, 1991.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1932174

ABSTRACT

Eleven patients with suspected foci of inflammation and/or infection were scanned with 111In-labeled polyclonal human IgG. Seven patients were suspected of having the source of their infection in the abdomen, three in the musculoskeletal system and one in the thoracic aorta. The test was truly positive in seven patients, truly negative in three and falsely negative in one. All the true positive cases showed abnormally increased radiopharmaceutical uptake at the site of infection by six hours, suggesting the diagnosis, although the intensity of uptake increased progressively 24 hours later. There were no untoward effects noted in this series. This examination is potentially useful in the early depiction of focal sources of infection/inflammation.


Subject(s)
Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Crohn Disease/diagnostic imaging , Endometritis/diagnostic imaging , Focal Infection/diagnostic imaging , Immunoglobulin G , Indium Radioisotopes , Pentetic Acid , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cecal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Imaging
18.
J Dent Res ; 70(1): 50-4, 1991 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1991860

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to assess the ability of a scintillation camera method to detect areas of active bone loss due to periodontitis. Technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate was used as the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. Bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake (BSRU) was imaged and quantified in alveolar bone regions of interest with a scintillation camera and a computer. Analysis of the sequential radiographs over six months constituted the basis for determination of sites of active disease. The study was composed of two parts. First, 18 subjects, nine with adult periodontitis and nine controls, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study to determine whether the quantitative scintillation amera methodology detected differences in BSRU in periodontitis vs. periodontally healthy patients. Second, the nine patients with periodontitis were studied longitudinally in order to determine whether the BSRU examination was indicative of bone loss subsequently measured radiographically. In the cross-sectional study, the mean uptake ratio for the periodontitis group was significantly higher than that for the control group (1.63 +/- 0.06 and 1.42 +/- 0.04, respectively, p less than 0.01, t test). From the longitudinal study, the mean patient scintillation image uptake ratios were highly correlated with the mean bone loss determined from serial radiographs (p less than 0.01). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the quantitative gamma camera method for detecting site(s) of active bone loss within the region of interest were assessed relative to the longitudinal radiographic data. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 85%, 90%, and 79%, respectively. Alveolar bone scintigraphy with a gamma camera and computer may provide a simple and valid technique for the immediate indication of areas of periodontal disease activity.


Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Loss/diagnostic imaging , Periodontitis/complications , Adult , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Alveolar Bone Loss/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Longitudinal Studies , Middle Aged , Periodontitis/physiopathology , Periodontium/diagnostic imaging , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Radionuclide Imaging , Sensitivity and Specificity , Technetium Tc 99m Medronate
20.
J Nucl Med ; 31(9): 1456-61, 1990 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2395011

ABSTRACT

The annular single-crystal brain camera (ASPECT) is a digital SPECT system with a single-crystal sodium iodide thallium Nal(Tl) ring detector and collimator system designed to view the patient's head from three angles simultaneously. The ring is rotated concentrically to the detector for three-dimensional reconstruction over a 21.4 cm (diameter) by 10.7 cm (length) field of view. We evaluated the system clinically by imaging a Hoffman brain phantom and seven subjects, of whom two were normal controls, three had previous cerebral infarction and two had dementia. The ASPECT system produced tomographic images of high spatial resolution. In normal subjects, the separation of striata from thalami by the posterior limbs of the internal capsules was much clearer on ASPECT images than on rotating gamma camera images. The high spatial resolution obtained with the ASPECT system translates into superior anatomical representation of the brain compared to the standard rotating gamma camera.


Subject(s)
Brain/diagnostic imaging , Gamma Cameras , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/instrumentation , Adult , Aged , Cerebral Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Dementia/diagnostic imaging , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Structural , Organotechnetium Compounds , Oximes , Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime
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