ABSTRACT
A patient with COVID-19-related severe respiratory failure, with insufficient response to an antiretroviral therapy, hydroxychloroquine and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonist therapy, presented a prompt resolution of the respiratory function and improvement in the radiological picture after baricitinib at an oral dose of 4 mg per day for 2 weeks.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Azetidines/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/drug therapy , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Drug Combinations , Drug Repositioning , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Lopinavir/therapeutic use , Male , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Purines , Pyrazoles , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Respiratory Insufficiency/virology , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , SARS-CoV-2 , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that frailty may play a role in chronic diseases, but the associations with specific chronic disorders are still unclear. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the association of anaemia and frailty in observational studies. METHODS: The review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from 01/01/2002-10/09/2017. Pooled estimates were obtained through random effect models and Mantel-Haenszel weighting. Homogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed with Egger's and Begg's tests. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included; two longitudinal, seventeen cross-sectional. All studies except three reported an association between anaemia and frailty. The pooled prevalence of prefrailty in individuals with anaemia was 49% (95% CI=38-59%; I2=89.96%) and 24% (95% CI=17-31%; I2= 94.78%) for frailty. Persons with anaemia had more than a twofold odds of frailty (pooled OR=2.24 95% CI=1.53-3.30; I2=91.8%). Only two studies longitudinally examined the association between anaemia and frailty, producing conflicting results. CONCLUSIONS: Frailty and prefrailty are common in anaemic persons. Older persons with anaemia have more than a two-fold increased odds of frailty. These results may have clinical implications, as they identify the need to assess frailty in anaemic people and investigate any potential negative effects associated with the co-occurrence of both conditions. Longitudinal research that examines temporal changes in anaemia and effect of treatment are needed to further clarify the relationship between anaemia and frailty.
