[Malaria alertness in the post-elimination period: clinical and laboratory aspects].

Early detection of imported cases of malaria and its prompt and efficacious treatment are one of the main tasks of health workers in malaria prevention during the post-elimination period. The diagnosis and treatment of malaria should be developed and standardized to prevent the re-emergence of local transmission from imported cases of malaria. Its diagnosis must be verified by only laboratory tests during the post-elimination period. Keeping in mind the possible rapid conversion of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria into a several disease, these all cases should be managed in a hospital setting. The healthcare personnel dealing with the treatment of malaria should be aware of its clinical manifestations in non-immune residents and semi-immune immigrants. The main principles of malaria treatment are discussed in respect of age, sex, pregnancy, and different malaria species.

[Tourism, imported parasitic diseases, and their prevention].

The paper gives the results of observations of 1558 patients before and after tourist travels to tropical countries and 368 individuals visiting the north areas of the Russian Federation. Different conditions (malaria, amebiasis, leishmaniasis, intestinal and tissue helminthiasis, insect bites, venomous fish pricks, medusa burn, tick bites, etc.) were found in 402 persons. Prophylactic immunization included vaccination against hepatitis A and B viruses, meningitis, typhus, yellow fever, tick-borne encephalitis in more than 2500 patients (not including influenza vaccination in the epidemic season). The performed observations reinforce the statement that imported pathology is urgent to Russia and suggest that it is necessary to develop this section of medicine and to set up a network of health care facilities with a necessary therapeutic and diagnostic base to render skilled care to tourists. It is essential to improve medical staff training in travel medicine.

[Use of an enzyme immunoassay test system with cystic Echinococcus antigen to diagnose echinococcosis alveolaris (multilocularis) (alveococcosis)].

Twenty-three serum samples from 12 patients with Echinococcus alveolaris collected 1 to 12 years after surgery and 1--13 courses of specific therapy were used to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test system with cystic Echinococcus antigen. The findings enable the EIA test system with cystic Echinococcus antigen to be recommended for the diagnosis of Echinococcosis alveolaris and for the monitoring of its treatment results.

[Cases of human alveococcosis in the European part of Russia].

The paper presents 4 cases of Echinococcus alveolaris infection in rural areas of the middle belt of the European part of Russia--in the Bryansk, Kostroma, Smolensk, and Tambov Regions. In all cases, human infection occurs in the areas of residence. The fact that there may be infection in another area is ruled out. Possible reasons for the emergence of infestation cases in human beings in the areas that do not belong to the natural foci of alveococcosis are discussed.

[Experience in treating cysticercosis of the brain with azinox]. / Opyt lecheniia tsistitserkoza golovnogo mozga azinoksom.

A case of a patient resident from Tuva who had cerebral cysticercosis is presented. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the available clinical symptoms, brain RCT and NMRI findings and a positive serological reaction (enzyme immunoassay) with C. cellulosus antigen. The patient received 2 courses of treatment with the Russian drug azinox (praziquantel) in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight thrice before meal. Prednisolone was additionally given in a daily dose of 30 mg. The course of treatment was 14 days. The first treatment days were marked by worse headache. Thereafter treatment induced no complications. Better condition, less headache, lower serological reaction titers, regressed cerebral structural changes were observed after the treatment. RCT and NMRI revealed transformation of cysts to high-density foci and calcificates.

[Clinical course of isolated larval infestation of orbit in children]. / Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia izolirovannogo larval'nogo porazheniia orbity i detei.

Clinical course of an isolated infestation of orbital tissues by larvae of helminths parasitizing in dogs (Toxocara canis) has been followed up in 5 patients aged 6-13 years. The process ran a wave-like course for 3-8 months and was characterized by cyclic inflammatory changes in the orbit, presenting by toxic allergic tenonitis, regional lymphadenitis, optic nerve perineuritis with formation of parasitic granuloma detected by computer-aided rhoentgenotomography of the orbit. No clinical or laboratory signs of common inflammatory and allergic reaction in the presence of Toxocara antigen sensitization were observed in any case, which was confirmed by detection of specific antibodies (IgG and IgE). Specific therapy with anti-nematode drug albendazol was effective.

[Cases of myiasis in man. Variants in the clinical course]. / Sluchai miazov u cheloveka. Varianty klinicheskogo techeniia.

The paper presents clinical notes of human myases of different clinical pictures. It shows the prolonged (above 6 months) course of myases caused by parasitic gadfly larvae, resulting in severe organ lesions which are reversible. The treatment of myases is discussed.

[The clinical aspects of the problem of echinococcosis and the means for its resolution]. / Klinicheskie aspekty problemy ékhinokokkozov i puti ee resheniia.

The author assesses the basic clinical aspects of the problem of echinococcosis. Discusses the problems related to clinical realization of the invasion, clinical and morphologic parameters of the pathologic process development in echinococcosis, as well as problems in the diagnosis, treatment, and organization of the treatment-and-prophylaxis service in areas endemic for this condition. Outlines the major trends of further research of echinococcosis, that may be implemented at a new problem-solving unit that is to be created.

[The characteristics of the clinical course of hydatid pulmonary echinococcosis in the native inhabitants of Chukotka]. / Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia gidatidoznogo ékhinokokkoza legkikh u korennykh zhitelei Chukotki.

23 patients with pulmonary hydatid disease were observed in Chukotka. The patients observed were divided into 2 groups (14 and 9 patients) matched for sex, age, invasion intensity and topography. The patients of the first group were operated after they had been diagnosed, and the patients of the second group were observed without operation. In the both groups, the symptoms of invasion were low expressive, its course was torpid, the complications were rare and the dissemination was not recorded. Two patients observed without operation recovered after the break of the cyst into the bronchus and its evacuation. Relapses of invasion after operation were not recorded in any case. The causes of the good clinical course of pulmonary hydatid disease in the aborigines of Chukotka and the necessity of revising the treatment course are discussed.

[The assessment of the clinical status of patients with alveolar hydatid disease by using statistical processing methods. 2. The correlation of laboratory tests at different disease stages and their clinical interpretation]. / Otsenka klinicheskogo sostoianiia bol'nykh al'veoliarnym ékinokokkozom s pomoshch'iu statisticheskikh metodov obrabotki. 2. Korreliatsiia laboratornykh testov na razlichnykh stadiiakh bolezni i ikh klinicheskaia interpretatsiia.

In 44 patients with alveolar echinococcosis, the correlation between the results of main laboratory tests were studied and their clinical interpretation was given. It was shown that at an uncomplicated stage of the disease, the immune response suppressing the helminth growth plays the main role; at the stage of complications the pathogenetic significance of non-specific inflammatory responses caused by destructive processes increases; at a stage of decompensation the correlation reflects severe immunological abnormalities and progressive immunodepression. The obtained correlations might be used as a measure for determining the stage of the disease in the algorithmic method for the classification of alveolar echinococcosis.

[An assessment of the clinical status of patients with alveolar echinococcosis by using statistical processing methods. 1. An assessment of the stage of the disease by cluster analysis]. / Otsenka klinicheskogo sostoianiia bol'nykh al'veoliarnym ékhinokokkozom s pomoshch'iu statisticheskikh metodov obrabotki. Soobshchenie 1. Otsenka stadii bolezni metodom klasternogo analiza.

The clinical condition was assessed in 44 patients with alveolar echinococcosis, using methods of mathematical analysis of 10 basic routine laboratory parameters reflecting protein-forming liver function and immune disturbances. The data were processed on a "NOVA-2" [correction of "HOBA-2"] computer using Fortran software on taxonomy 7 classes of conditions were determined, which reflect the progressing severity of the pathological process and correspond to three stages of the disease: uncomplicated, complicated and terminal. A high clinical value of the method has been demonstrated for the evaluation of the patient's condition and determination of the treatment tactics as well as its importance for the creation of a clinical data bank in the invasion focus.