ABSTRACT
This study presents a new dataset AKTIVES for evaluating the methods for stress detection and game reaction using physiological signals. We collected data from 25 children with obstetric brachial plexus injury, dyslexia, and intellectual disabilities, and typically developed children during game therapy. A wristband was used to record physiological data (blood volume pulse (BVP), electrodermal activity (EDA), and skin temperature (ST)). Furthermore, the facial expressions of children were recorded. Three experts watched the children's videos, and physiological data is labeled "Stress/No Stress" and "Reaction/No Reaction", according to the videos. The technical validation supported high-quality signals and showed consistency between the experts.
Subject(s)
Recognition, Psychology , Research Design , Child , Humans , Databases, Factual , Heart Rate , Skin TemperatureABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of indomethacin alone and with phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory agents (rolipram, theophylline) on the isolated trachea preparations from control and ovalbumin sensitized guinea-pigs. Adult male guinea-pigs, weighing 300-350 g, were randomly allocated to 2 experimental groups each consisting of 12 animals. Guinea-pigs were sensitized by i.m. injections of 0.35 ml of a 5% (w/v) ovalbumin/saline solution into each thigh (0.7 ml total) on days 1 and 4. Tissues were first contracted with a submaximal concentration of histamine (10(-6) M). We tested the effects of indomethacin (10(-7)-10(-4) M) on the resting tension and precontracted with histamine on the isolated trachea preparations from control and ovalbumin sensitized guinea-pigs. We also tested the effects of the rolipram, theophylline and isoproterenol isolated trachea preparations precontracted with histamine in indomethacin incubated or non-incubated groups. We found that the relaxant effects of rolipram and theophylline increased, but not of isoproterenol, in the presence of indomethacin in isolated trachea preparations precontracted from control and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs. In the presence of indomethacin there was no difference in relaxant responses between both groups. Therefore, we concluded that the increased relaxant responses may be due to inhibitor effect of this agent on PDE isoenzymes.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Histamine/administration & dosage , Indomethacin/pharmacology , Muscle Relaxation/drug effects , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Trachea , Animals , Guinea Pigs , In Vitro Techniques , Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Male , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Ovalbumin/administration & dosage , Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism , Rolipram/pharmacology , Theophylline/pharmacology , Trachea/physiologyABSTRACT
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of PDE V inhibition on NO-mediated relaxation responses in isolated guinea pig trachea. Under the NANC conditions, tracheal preparations were contracted with histamine (100 microm/l). When contraction had reached a plateau, relaxation responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS, 60 V, 0.5 ms, 5-10 Hz) were determined before and after incubation of the tracheal ring with L-NAME (1 mmol/l), a NO synthase inhibitor. L-NAME significantly inhibited the relaxation responses and this inhibitory effect was reversed by L-arginine (1 mmol/l), a precursor of NO, but was not affected by D-arginine. In addition, cumulative application of the NO donors, 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), caused concentration-dependent relaxation of tissues precontracted with histamine. The selective PDE type V inhibitor zaprinast at EC50 concentration (30 micromol/l) significantly potentiated EFS-induced NANC relaxations and relaxant responses to SIN-1 and SNP. In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that NO is a mediator of NANC relaxations of guinea pig tracheal rings and PDE V inhibition potentiates NO-mediated relaxation.
