ABSTRACT
Objective: Adenomyosis is a benign uterine illness characterized by endometrial gland and stromal invasion into the myometrium. Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is an enzyme localized in mitochondria that is involved in ketogenesis and ketolysis processes by reversibly catalyzing the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two acetyl-CoA molecules. The current study investigated the expression of the ACAT1 molecule in tissue samples of patients diagnosed with adenomyosis and healthy endometrial tissues. It is aimed to determine the differences in ACAT1 gene expression and in this way to discover the first information about the role of ACAT1 in the development and molecular mechanism of adenomyosis. Materials and Methods: In the current retrospective study, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissues were employed. A total of 76 patient samples were included in the study. Of these samples, 28 are adenomyotic tissue (Group I), 30 are eutopic endometrial tissue (Group II), and 18 are the Control Group. In these groups, the expression levels of the ACAT1 gene were determined by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Results: When the expression results of the ACAT1 gene were evaluated, statistically significant differences were found between the groups (p<0.05). There was a difference between Group I-Group II and Group I-Control Group regarding the ACAT1 gene. No statistically significant change was observed between Group II and Control Group. It is a remarkable finding that the expression of ACAT1 in adenomyosis tissue is decreased compared with both eutopic endometrium and control groups tissues. Conclusion: The results suggest that ACAT1 may be associated with the molecular pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
ABSTRACT
Cases of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or C-cell hyperplasia are rarely associated with other endocrine tumors or cases with a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. In these patients, mutations were detected in the NF1 gene but no mutations were detected in the RET gene. Although vandetanib has been shown to improve progression-free survival in adults with advanced MTC, data in pediatric patients are limited. Herein, we report the use and outcome of vandetanib in a pediatric MTC case in which NF1 gene and RET proto-oncogen mutation were identified together.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/drug therapy , Germ-Line Mutation , Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics , Neurofibromin 1/genetics , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/genetics , Quinazolines/therapeutic use , Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adolescent , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics , Homozygote , Humans , Male , Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Although the in-transit lymph node is a well-known issue in malignant melanoma, it is not documented sufficiently in breast cancer. In this case report an in-transit lymph node demonstrated by both PET/CT and sentinel lymph node mapping and diagnosed by pathology is reported.
