ABSTRACT
We present the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in neonatal encephalopathy, including hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, perinatal/neonatal stroke, metabolic encephalopathy from inborn errors of metabolism, congenital central nervous system infections and birth trauma. The applications of advanced MRI techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are emphasized.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Birth Injuries/complications , Brain Diseases/etiology , Central Nervous System Infections/complications , Humans , Hypoxia, Brain/diagnosis , Hypoxia, Brain/etiology , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/complications , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/etiologyABSTRACT
Enhanced computed tomography (CT) is frequently performed for possible bowel ischaemia. It has the distinct advantage of possible detection of the causes of ischaemia. Radiologists therefore need to be familiar with the spectrum of diagnostic CT signs. We present the CT imaging findings in surgically proven cases of small bowel ischaemia. In addition to signs pertaining to the underlying aetiological pathology, bowel dilatation, bowel wall thickening, mural gas, occlusion of mesenteric vessels, ascites and infarct of other abdominal organs were observed.
Subject(s)
Abdomen, Acute/diagnostic imaging , Intestinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Contrast Media , Female , Humans , Intestinal Diseases/etiology , Intestinal Diseases/physiopathology , Intestines/blood supply , Ischemia/etiology , Male , Mesenteric Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Pain/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
AIM: To report two cases of intense and persistent adrenal enhancement on computed tomography (CT) examinations of the abdomen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two patients presented with septic shock, one due to pyogenic liver abscess and the other strangulated obturator hernia with gangrenous bowel. Both patients were resuscitated with fluid before undergoing unenhanced and enhanced CT. RESULTS: In both patients intravascular volume was not reduced as evident by normal calibre of the aorta and inferior vena cava. One patient had abnormal enhancement pattern in the liver and kidneys, suggesting hypoperfusion. The other patient had normal enhancement pattern of the other abdominal viscera. Both patient subsequently died with multi-organ failure. CONCLUSION: We propose that adrenal enhancement may be a sign of hyperperfusion in early stage of shock due to the crucial role of the adrenal glands in this clinical situation. This may not persist with further circulatory compromise due to vasoconstriction. If confirmed, its recognition has potential value of identifying a therapeutic window before irreversible shock set in.
