[STUDY OF LIPIDS AND ACCOMPANYING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SOME PLANTS GROWING GEORGIA].

The aim of the study was to determine the content of lipids and some biologically active substances in the seeds of hypericum perforatum L. , Zea mays L. and overground plants of Equisetum orvense L. ; from the investigated objects there was obtained the sums of neutral and polar lipids with the expedient percent (%) outcome. There is established common classes in them, there is analysed some physical - chemical constants, there was used GC mas-spectroscopic analytical methods. In the sums of neutral lipids qualitafively and quantitatively were identified saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fetty acids with high per cent content. In the suns of polar lipids quantitatively and quantitativel are confirmed phospholipids.On the basis of investigatios in the definited objicts the were established consist of some biologically active compounds- carotenoids and aminoacids.

[STUDY OF SOME PLANT SEED LIPIDS GROWING IN GEORGIA].

The purpose of the research was to study seed lipids of cultivated plants: Medicago sativa, Ruta graveolens L., Linum usitatissimum L., which are growing on experimental field of I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry. From the above-mentioned plant seeds was obtained the sum of neutral and polar lipids, the classes were determined qualitatively. Using standard methods were determined some physico-chemical constant of oils. Fatty acids was established qualitatively and was determined quantitatively using Gas chromatography and High performance liquid chromatography methods. As a result of research in the seed oil of Medicago Sativa was revealed high percentage content of Oktadekadien - 9,12 fatty acid. Oktadekadien -9 dominates in the oil obtained from the seeds of Ruta graveolens L. and Oktadekantrien - 9,12,15 dominates in the oil obtained from the seeds of Linum usitatissimum L. Phospholipids were established qualitatively and using spectrophotometric method were determined In the sum of polar lipids: (λ 820 nm). The oils which are obtained from above-mentioned plant seeds contains biologically active compounds, which gives the opportunity to use these oils as in medical practice, also in cosmetology.

[STUDY OF LIPIDS OF THE FRUITS OF USUAL HAZEL-NUT CORYLUS AVELLANA L., GROWING IN GEORGIA].

The aim of this investigation was the study of lipids from the fruits of usual hazel-nut Corylus avellana L, growing in Georgia. Ripe fruits was collected in the West Georgia, just in Imereti. From the powdered fruits was obtained the sums of neutral and pollar lipids. Qualitatively there were established classes entered in them. By using High performance liquid chromatography qualitatively and quantitatively were identified ten fatty acids, which time of deduction hesitate from 4,01 min to 13,00 min. By the analyses there were determined unsaturated fatty acids C12:0 to C24:0. The content of unsaturated fatty acids considerably is distinquished from the content of the oil from the hazel-nut, growing in the other eco-geographical conditions. In the oil of the hazel-nut growing in Georgia content of hexadecanoic acid is by far exceled (surpassed) than of the oil from the nut growing in the other natural conditions. In the other matters dominant acid is octadecanoic acid. The oil from the fruits of hazel-nut content physiologically active compounds, which desirably correlation is interesting not only for receiving (obtaining) cosmetic means, not is important for usage in practical medicine.

[STUDY OF LIPIDS SEED'S OIL OF VITEX AGNUS CASTUS GROWING IN GEORGIA].

There was established the lipid composition of the seeds of Vitex agnus castus L. by the qualitative and quantitative methods of analyses. There were received neutral lipids from the seeds by extraction with hexane in the yield 10%, counted on dry material. For the divide of neutral lipids there was used silica gel plates LS 5/40 in the systems of solvents: 1. petroleum ether-diethylether-acidum aceticum (85:14:1), 2. hexane-diethylether (1:1). After obtaining neutral lipids from the residual plant shrot pollar lipids was extracted with the mixture of chloroform-methanol (2:1) and was divided on silica gel plates LS 5/40, mobile phase: 1. chloroform-methanol-25% ammonium hydrate 2. chloroform-methanol icy acetic acid-water (170:25:25:6). In the sum of polar lipids qualitatively were established phospholipids: lisophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinosit, phospatidylethanolamine and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, in neutral lipids, hydrocarbons, triglycerids, free fatty acids and sterines. By the method of high performance liquid chromatography analyses there were identified following free fatty acids: lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, linolic, linolenic, arachidic and begenic, unsaturated oleic and polyunsaturated linolic and linolenic acids. obtained oil with unique composition from the seeds of Vitex agnus-castus indicates to its high biological activity and importance for usage in medicine.

[STUDY OF LIPIDS IN SEEDS OF AMARANTHUS BLITOIDES S. WATS., GROWING IN GEORGIA].

Lipid composition of the seeds of Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. was analyzed. Identification of free fatty acids was carried out by HPLC analysis on the apparatus PTG-1 with the refractive detector R-401 and bondapak C18 reverse phase column. Eluent 1 - methanol-water (1:2); eluent 2 - tetrahydrofuran-acetonitrile-water (5:7:9)+0.1% acetic acid solution. The results were processed using the ОASIS-740 software. Free fatty acids: lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, arachidic, begenic and non-idenfied acid, presumably C24:0 were detected in the oil of Amaranthus seeds. Seven phospholipids: lisophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatilcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, N-acilisophosphatidylethanolamine, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine and one non-identified compound were isolated and identified from the polar fraction.

[The fatty acid composition of ordinary flax seed oil (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivated in Georgia and its byological activity].

The aim of the study was individual quantitatively and qualitatively determination of fatty acids in ordinary flax seed oil (Linum usitatissimum L.), cultivated in Georgia. The neutral lipids extracts were fractionated and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (PTC-1, Waters) with refractory detector R-401. Analitical column (150,0x3,0 mm) was filled with reversphase Bondopak C18). Software OASIS-740 is used. The correction retention times of each fatty acids is compared with comformity standard. The investigation showed that in flax seed oil linoleic (31,3±2,1 mg%) and linolenic (40,2±2,9 mg%) acids were predominant and together constitute principal basic of research composition. The flax seed oil contained also palmitic and stearic acids in less quantitaty.

[The fatty acid composition of Ruta graveolens seed oil and its byological activity].

Using high-performance liquid chromatography methods are qualitatively and quantitatively identified most biological important high fatty acids, contained in Ruta graveolens seed oil grown on the experimental plot of Kutateladze Institute of Pharmakochemistry (Georgia) and compare its biological activity. Their relative concentration is expressed as percentages of the total fatty acid component. The sample contained the range of fatty acids from С12:0 to С22:0. The investigation showed different sensitivity of components. In order of elution the list of compound are reported. The oil contained 2,08±0,1 mg% lauric, 2,18±0,1 mg% miristic, 3,98±0,1 mg% palmitic, 30,90±1,2 mg% stearic, 41,92±1,8 mg% oleic, 10,14±0,4 mg% linolic, 6,50±0,3 mg% linolenic, 2,00±0,1 mg% arachinic and 2,10±0,1 mg% begenic acid. The chromatography signals with retention values 7,96 and 14,08 minuts are qualitatively not identified.

[The fatty acid composition of peach oil and its biological activity].

Using high-performance liquid chromatography methods (Cromatograph PTC-1, repractometer R-401, column Bondopaс C18) were quantitatively and qualitatively identified most biological important high fatty acids, contained in peach oil (Persica Vulgaris) from ost region of Georgia (Kacheti). Their relative concentrations are expressed as percentages of the total fatty acids components. The chromatography investigation shaved, that the oil contained 12,98±1,0mg% linoleic, 9,97±0,3 mg% palmitic, 4,82±0,2 mg% linolenic, 3,58±0,1 mg% begenic and 2,16±0,1 mg% arachinic acids. The predominant fatty acids of peach oil were linoleic, palmitic and oleinic acids. The investigation showed different sensitivity of components contained in peach oil.

[Fatty acid of Rkatsiteli grape seed oil, Phellodendron lavallei oil and Amaranthus seeds oil and its comparative byological activity].

The aim of the study is individual qualitively and quantitatively identification of fatty acids in Pkatsiteli grape seed oil, Phellodendron lavallei oil and Amaranthus seed oil and prediction of its biological activity. Using high-effective liquid chromatogramphy fatty acids were franctionated. Their relative concentrations are expressed as percentages of the total fatty acid component. Identification of the fatty acids consituents is based on comparison of their retention time with that of known standards. The predominant fatty acids in the oils were palmitic, oleic and stearic acids. The investigation demonstrated that fatty acids composition takes marked part in lipid metabolism of biological necessary components. The most interesting result of the investigation was the detection of unusual for the essentain oil begenic acid.

[Fatty acids of grape seed oil and its biological activity as 1,0% and 2,5% food-additive].

Using high-performance liquid chromatography were qualitatively and quantitatively identified high fatty acids contained in grape seed oil and compare its biological activity as 1,0% and 2,5% food-additive an fatty acids composition contained in lipids of mice livers. Investigation were carried out on 90 inbred mice 5,0 g weight. Using high-performance liquid chromatography methods in grape seed oil is identified linoleic (65,0%), linolenic (1,5%), oleic (17,0%), palmitic (8,0%), stearic (4,4%) and arachidonic (0,6%) acids. After 15 days fatty acids are carried out from mouse liver and individual identified. In paper is showed that 1,0% and 2,5% grape seed oil food-additive have a different biological activity. The investigation demonstrated that after 15 days the grape seed oil takes marked part in lipid metabolism of biological necessary components.

Improved pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

A rapid protocol for subtyping vancomycin-resistant enterococci by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is reported. The procedure is simple and potentially cost-effective and allows reproducible subtyping of the strains in approximately 1 day.

Salmonellosis in the Republic of Georgia: using molecular typing to identify the outbreak-causing strain.

In May 1998, three large outbreaks of salmonellosis, affecting 91 persons, were identified in the Republic of Georgia. Eighteen Salmonella Typhimurium strains were characterized by arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; the results suggested that all cases were part of a single outbreak caused by a distinct clonal strain.

Kaerophyllin, a new lignan from Chaerophyllum maculatum.

From the methanolic extract of roots of spotted cow parsley (Chaerophyllum maculatum Willd.) a new lignan, named kaerophyllin, has been isolated and identified as A-(trans-3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)- beta-(3,4-methylenedioxylbenzyl)-gamma-butyrolactone. Its structure has been established on the basis of the analysis of UV, IR-, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR and mass spectra.