Soft tissue injury prediction using joint depression in computed tomography in AO 41B lateral tibial plateau fractures.

Tibial plateau fractures are usually associated with soft tissue injury. This study aimed to use the extent of joint depression and lateral widening in computed tomography (CT) to predict the soft tissue injury accompanying fractures.The study included 23 patients with type Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen-classified 41B fractures. Demographics, mechanism of injury, age, gender, and injury sites were assessed. Post-traumatic radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CT were obtained. MRI evaluated the meniscal, cruciate, and collateral ligament injuries, and CT measured the extent of joint depression and lateral widening in millimeters using digital imaging software. The relationship between joint depression, lateral widening, and soft tissue injuries was statistically analyzed. Of the 23 patients, 17 (74%) were males and 6 (26%) were females. Lateral meniscus injuries increased and the risk of bucket handle lateral meniscus tears increased as the CT joint depression exceeded 12 mm (p < 0.05). Joint depression of <5.9 mm was associated with medial meniscus injury (p < 0.05). The mean distribution examination of all soft tissue injuries and joint depression revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Increased joint depression in lateral tibial plateau fractures increases the risk of lateral meniscus bucket handle tear, and decreased joint depression increases the risk of medial meniscus injury. Accordingly implementing the treatment plan and patient management will improve the clinical outcomes.

The effects of intraperitoneal chemotherapeutic agents on adhesion formation.

PURPOSE: Intra-abdominal adhesions are a major complication of healing. Furthermore these adhesions may cause morbidity and sometimes mortality for patients, and also are a financial burden to the health system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cecum abrasion was performed in all rats and solutions containing saline to group 1, 5-fluorouracil to group 2, cisplatin to group 3, paclitaxel to the group 4, and mitomycin-C were administered into the abdomen of the groups, respectively. The intra-abdominal adhesions were scored after the macroscopic evaluation. RESULTS: Among the chemotherapeutic drugs, paclitaxel significantly increases occurring of intra-abdominal adhesions in comparison with the control group and the other drugs according to the evaluation of scoring and statistical studies. CONCLUSION: It is suggested to use the drugs which have a proven anti-adhesion feature or barriers to the patients who are going to be applied intraperitoneal chemotherapy with paclitaxel.

Syntheses, crystallographic, mass-spectroscopic determination and antioxidant studies of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of a new imidazol based Schiff base.

A new imidazole-based Schiff base, 2-((1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyleneamino)benzylalcohol (HL) and corresponding analogous bis(2-((1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyleneimino)benzylalcohol)metal(II) perchlorates (M: Co(1), Ni(2), Cu(3)) have prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, ESI-MS, IR, UV-Vis spectroscopies and conductivity measurements. X-ray single crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been also determined. Elemental analyses, spectroscopic and conductance data of 3 demonstrated similar structural features with these of crystallographically characterized complexes and based upon this relevances, HL ligands are neutrally coordinated to metal(II) ions in tridentate mode and all complexes are isostructural, dicathionic, contain perchlorate anions as complementary ions and, are in octahedral geometry with the formulae of [M(HL)2](ClO4)2 (for 3) and [M(HL)2](ClO4)2·H2O (for 1 and 2). Radical scavenging activities of the complexes have been evaluated by using DPPH, DMPD(+), and ABTS(+) assays. SC50 values (µg/mL) of the complexes and standards on DPPH, DMPD(+), ABTS(+) follow the sequences, BHA (9.06±0.33)>CMPD3 (15.62±0.52)>CMPD2 (17.43±0.29)>Rutin (21.65±0.60)>CMPD1 (25.67±0.51)>Trolox (28.57±0.37), Rutin>BHA>CMPD3>CMPD2>Trolox>CMPD1, and Trolox>BHA>CMPD3>CMPD2>Rutin>CMPD1 respectively.

Horizontal muscle transposition or oblique muscle weakening for the correction of V pattern?

PURPOSE: To report and to analyze the efficacy of horizontal rectus muscle transposition and inferior oblique muscle weakening in terms of pattern correction for patients with V pattern. METHODS: The review of the medical files identified 55 patients who had esotropia (ET) or exotropia (XT) with V pattern. The primary outcome measure was the amount of V pattern collapse (Δ). RESULTS: Of the 55 patients (mean age 22.1 ± 9.5 years), 27 (49.1%) were males and 28 (50.9%) were females. The type of deviations was XT in 30 patients (54.5%) and ET in 25 patients (45.5%). Inferior oblique muscle weakening was performed in 43 (78.2%) patients, whereas horizontal muscle transposition was carried out in 12 (21.8%) patients in addition to recession-resection procedures. The amount of pattern was significantly reduced in both groups (P=0.01 for the horizontal offset group and P<0.01 for the oblique muscle weakening group). CONCLUSION: Oblique muscle weakening surgery and horizontal muscle offset are effective in the correction of V pattern when the amount of pattern is under 30Δ.

Effects of intra- and extracellular factors on anti-aging klotho gene expression.

Inactivation of the klotho gene in mice causes serious systemic disorders, resembling human aging. However, at the molecular level, its action mechanisms are not well understood. The stimulatory or inhibitory effects of cis- and trans-regulatory factors on the klotho gene expression are also still unclear. We studied the effects of intra- and extracellular factors on human klotho gene expression. For this purpose, pHKP-Luc and pHKP-GFP reporter vectors were constructed with the 2.1-kbp upstream region of human klotho, covering its promoter region, using luciferase and GFP genes as the reporter. A series of vectors that have deletions in the upstream region of the klotho gene were constructed to assay cis-acting factors. Deletion of some parts of the klotho gene upstream region significantly affected reporter gene expression in HEK293 cells. p16 and p53 proteins inhibited reporter luciferase expression under the control of human klotho promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Calcium and phosphate ions stimulated klotho expression. p21, PTH, IGF-1, and angiotensin-II had no significant effect on klotho expression in HEK293 cells.

Dermatologic findings in renal transplant recipients: Possible effects of immunosuppression regimen and p53 mutations.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dermatologic lesions and possible effects of immunosuppression treatment and p53 gene mutations on dermatologic findings in renal transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 163 renal transplant recipients. After dermatologic examination, cultures, and histopathologic and genetic analyses were performed. A single-strand conformation polymorphism technique was used to analyze p53 gene mutations. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to time since the transplantation procedure. Results were analyzed using the χ(2) test, using a software program (SPSS version 13.0; SPSS, Inc, Chicago, Illinois). RESULTS: Mean (SD) age of the 163 transplant recipients (65 women and 98 men) was 40 (11) years, and posttransplantation follow-up was 65 (55) months. The most frequently observed drug-related lesion was hypertrichosis, in 46 of 150 patients. Of 115 lesions, the most commonly observed were verruca vulgaris (n = 34) from viruses, and pityriasis versicolor (n = 21) from superficial fungal infections. Of the total group, 20 patients (12.2%) were mutation carriers. Compared with the entire cohort, the group with premalignant lesions demonstrated more p53 mutations (11% vs 50%; P = .004). Patients given cyclosporine therapy exhibited more premalignant or malignant cutaneous lesions compared with patients who received other agents (P = .03). CONCLUSION: Patients carrying p53 mutations developed a malignant lesion in the late posttransplantation period, which suggests the importance of prediction of risk.

Electronic structure modeling of dinuclear copper(II)-methacrylic acid complex by density functional theory.

A dinuclear centrosymmetric copper(II) complex with the formula [Cu(2)(mu-maa)(4)(maaH)(2)] has been synthesized and experimentally characterized by IR, electronic spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffractometry. Starting from experimental X-ray geometry and using antiferromagnetic singlet ground state, gas phase geometry optimization was performed by density functional hybrid (B3LYP) method with 6-31G(d) and LANL2DZ basis sets. Gas-phase vibrational frequencies and single point energy (SPE) calculations have been carried out at the geometry-optimized structure. Molecular electrostatic potential calculated at the optimized geometry and natural bond orbital analysis data have been extracted from SPE output. The gas-phase electronic transitions of the title complex were investigated by the time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach with the same theory employing LANL2DZ basis set. Also the calculated UV-Vis based upon TD-DFT results and IR spectra were simulated for comparison with the experimental ones.

The clinical significance of parathyroid tissue calcium sensing receptor gene polymorphisms and expression levels in end-stage renal disease patients.

BACKGROUND: The calcium sending receptor (CaSR) allows parathyroid and kidney tubular cells to regulate PTH secretion and tubular calcium reabsorption. In the present report, we examined the relationship between CaSR gene polymorphisms and parathyroid CaSR expression and serum calcium/parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and clinical progress in ESRD patients in the Turkish population. METHODS: We genotyped the CaSR R990G and Q1011E variants in 192 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients by allele-specific PCR. CaSR expression in parathyroid tissues of operated 33 patients was quantified with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with other genotypes, the ratio of both codon 990-AA and 1011-CC polymorphisms was found higher in operated patients (p = 0.001). In the total patient group PTH levels were found higher in patients with CC1011 genotype than those with CG1011 (1015.15 +/- 925.41 pg/ml; 523.84 +/- 544.6 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0.002). There were statistically important higher Ca2+ levels in the AA990 allele carrying cases than AG990 positive ones (9.3 +/- 1.0 mg/dl vs. 8.8 +/- 0.9, p = 0.006). On the other hand, the expression of CaSR in parathyroid tissue was found inversely proportional with serum PTH level (r = -0.71). CONCLUSION: Present data suggest that co-presence of CaSR gene AA990 and CC1011 alleles is a possible risk factor for bad prognosis in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Patients carrying this genotype have tendency to require operation early in their medical therapy period and need postoperative close follow up for possible recurrences.

Sodium p-nitrobenzoxasulfamate monohydrate.

The title compound, alternatively named sodium 6-nitro-3H-1,2,3-benzoxathiazole 2,2-dioxide monohydrate, Na+*C6H3N2O5S-*H2O, consists of chains of NaO7 units, with the seven donor-O atoms coming from two water molecules and five p-nitrobenzoxasulfamate anions. The seven-coordinate geometry around the Na+ ion is described as monocapped trigonal prismatic, but with a large distortion from ideal geometry. Each triangular face is defined by one O atom each from a water molecule, a nitro group and a sulfonyl group. An O atom from a sulfonyl group caps one of the square faces of the trigonal prism in an unsymmetrical fashion. The water molecules and one sulfonyl O atom are involved in bridging adjacent units, as is the nitro group of the anion. The sulfamate ions adopt an antiparallel alignment between the NaO7 units and are connected to each other by C-H...O and pi-pi interactions. The three-dimensional crystal structure is stabilized by a network of strong O-H...N hydrogen bonds.

Antioxidant effect of alpha-tocopherol on fracture haematoma in rabbits.

In this study, the effect of free oxygen radicals on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant role of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in these reactions were investigated in haematoma fluid and venous blood samples in rabbits with femoral fracture. There were 21 male rabbits, divided into 3 groups. Conjugated dienes values (as optical density) were compared in venous blood of the rabbits in Group I taken preanaesthesia and after the onset of anaesthesia and the difference between these values proved to be insignificant (P > 0.05). A control group (Group 2) was given saline before fracture occurrence and the other group (Group 3) was injected with alpha-tocopherol 20 mg/kg intramuscularly. Venous blood samples and fracture haematoma fluids in both Group 2 and Group 3 were assayed biochemically. It was established that conjugated dienes values in fracture haematoma fluid in rabbits in the control group were higher than the values in the venous blood of the rabbits in the same group (P < 0.05). However, conjugated dienes values in the alpha-tocopherol injected group both in the haematoma fluid and in venous blood were reduced compared with those in the control group (P < 0.5). In view of the fact that ischaemia and reperfusion develop in fractured regions and that general body ischaemia develops following serious fractures of the extremities, we consider that prophylactic administration of antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol may be beneficial in suppressing the destructive effects of free oxygen radicals in cells.

Antiviral effect of Sanicula europaea L. leaves extract on influenza virus-infected cells.

We have investigated the influence of Sanicula europaea L. extracts on influenza virus growth in MDCK cells. Fractions I, II, and III separated from Sanicula extract with Sephadex column chromatography were found to be non-toxic against MDCK cells. The growth of influenza A/PR/8/34 was completely inhibited by these fractions, while that of influenza B/Lee/40 was not affected. Fractions II and III have been shown not to have a direct virucidal activity on influenza A/PR/8/34. Influenza A/Vic/1/75 produced microscopic plaques in the presence of the extract. In vitro RNA synthesis with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was also inhibited by a water soluble extract of Sanicula. These observations suggest that the Sanicula extract contains an anti-influenza virus substance.