Reactive oxygen species and their role in the andrological factor of couple fertility.

Reactive oxygen species play a significant role in male fertility and infertility. They are essential for physiological processes, but when their concentration becomes excessive, they can be a cause of various sperm pathologies. Seminal leukocytes and pathologically abnormal sperm are the primary sources of oxygen radicals in ejaculate. They negatively affect sperm quality, including DNA fragmentation and sperm motility impairment. Addressing increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species involves various appropriate lifestyle modifications and measures, including the use of antioxidants, treatment of urogenital infections, management of varicocele, weight reduction, and others. In many cases, these interventions can lead to adjustments in the condition and improvement in sperm quality. Such improvements can subsequently lead to enhanced outcomes in assisted reproduction or even an increased likelihood of natural conception. In some instances, the need for donor sperm may be eliminated. However, a key factor is adhering to a sufficiently prolonged treatment, which requires patience on the part of both, the physician and the patient.

[Specifics of medical care for lesbians]. / Specifika lékarské péce o lesbické zeny.

OBJECTIVE: Health care for lesbian women, especially care within the competence of the gynecologist, general practitioner and sexologist, at first glance no different from heterosexual women care about, and in many issues this is really true. But there are a few specifics that differentiate this minority group. If the doctor realizes these specifics, he can offer a better care about the health of their patients and possibly also focus on the prevention of various diseases targeted prevention. This article points out the various specifics and their importance in the care of minority lesbian and bisexual women. DESIGN: Review article. SETTING: Centrum Medical s.r.o., Andrology and Sexology Clinic, Olomouc. METHODS: Analysis of literature review and our own experience dealing with differences of health care for lesbian women. CONCLUSION: Although physiologically and anatomical-ly lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual women are the same, studies show that certain diseases or risk in the population of lesbians and bisexual women are more prevalent and hence the need to particularly focus on preventive care for certain specifics.