THE ROLE OF ENTEROVIRUSES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISCHEMIC STROKE AND ITS OUTCOMES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the role of enteroviruses (EV) in the development of ischemic stroke and its outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The main group (MG) included 72 patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders were examined using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Barthel Index. The comparison group (CG) included 35 patients without cerebrovascular disease. Viruses were isolated from patients' sera and identified in neutralization test. EV genomes were detected in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serological diagnosis was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Results: EV genomes were more frequently detected in the patients' sera in MG than in CG (23.6 ± 5.9% and 2.9 ± 2.8%, p <0.05). The greater level of neurological deficits was in patients with positive PCR test results comparatively with patients with negative PCR test results (11.76 ± 0.31 and 10.97 ± 0, 27, p = 0.040). The regression of neurological deficit during the treatment was a worse in patients with positive PCR test results and presence of specific IgG compared with patients with positive PCR test results and absence of specific IgG (11.2 ± 2.6% and 19.6 ± 2.4%, p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The trigger role of EV in the development of IS is established. PCR is recommended for diagnosis of EV in patients with IS.

Research of biological properties of enterovirus strains associated with ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The research of biological properties of enteroviruses associated with ischemic stroke (IS) allows us to identify their intratypic differences. The aim: to identify genetic markers of strains of enteroviruses associated with IS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 11 strains of enteroviruses isolated from the serum of patients with IS were identified in the virus neutralization test. Genetic markers of isolated strains (Abent, marker S, marker rct40) were determined. RESULTS: Results: Eleven strains of enteroviruses were isolated from the serum of patients with IS. Eight viruses: Coxsackie B viruses (serotypes 2, 3, 4) and ECHO viruses (serotypes 6, 9, 27 (two strains), 29) were identified in these strains. Other three strains of enteroviruses were unidentified. Different combinations of genetic markers were found. Seven strains of enteroviruses (Coxsackie B2, B3, ECHO 6, ECHO 9, ECHO 27 (two strains) and one unidentified virus) had virulence markers: Abent-, rct40+ and S-. Three strains (Coxsackie B4, ECHO 29, one unidentified virus) had markers: Abent-, rct40+, S+. Another one unidentified virus had markers: Abent+, rct40+, S -. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: All 11 isolates of enteroviruses associated with IS had rct40+ marker, 10 of the 11 isolates had marker Abent- and 8 of 11 isolates had marker S-. The research of genetic markers allows to perform typic and intratypic differentiation of strains of enteroviruses associated with the IS.

Ultrastructural features of herpesvirus-induced aortic intima damage in mice fed the high-fat diet.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the structural changes in the aortic intima in intact and HSV-1-infected mice using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In experiments Balb/c mice were infected with the HVS-1 and fed high-fat diet and 12 weeks later aortic ultrastructure was examined by SEM and TEM methods. The animals were subdivided into four experimental groups: 1st group - HSV-1-infected animals; 2nd - animals consuming high-fat diet (HFD); 3rd - infected animals that were subsequently consuming a high-fat diet (HSV / HFD); 4th - animals consuming a high-fat diet that were subsequently infected with HSV-1 (HFD / HSV) (n = 6); and control group - intact animals. RESULTS: Results: HVS-1 impaired ultrastructural changes in aorta greater than high-fat diet and HVS-1 alone (higher density of lipid inclusions in the subendothelial space, necrosis of endothelial cells), and infection of mice after high-fat diet ended 100% mortality. The formation of atheroma in the aortic wall during HFD was not detected, but the initiative manifestations of atherogenesis have been identified and restricted in the aortic intima. These structural changes included lipid inclusions in the subendothelial space, cell damage and destruction, which lead to an increase cellular detritus in the 3rd (HSV / HFD) group. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: HSV infection potentiates the accumulation of lipid inclusions in the aortic intima during a HFD, facilitates infection and contributes to the development of acute infection.

The role of the persistent enterovirus infection in development of acute stroke.

INTRODUCTION: The role of enteroviruses in development of dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, pericarditis is known. THE AIM: To examine the role of chronic enterovirus infections in development of acute stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples from 72 patients with acute stroke (study group) and 35 patients without vascular disease (control group) were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the presence of enterovirus RNA, by using virological method to detect enteroviruses, by ELISA for the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies to enteroviruses. RESULTS: The enteroviruses genomes were detected significantly often in the serum of patients with stroke (23,6 ± 5,9%) than in control group (2,9 ± 2,8%). The viruses were isolated and were identified as Coxsackie B (serotypes 2, 3, 4) and ECHO (serotypes 6, 9, 27 (two strains), 29), three strains have not been identified in study group. IgM to enteroviruses were not found in the sera of both groups of patients. IgG to enteroviruses were detected in 17 patients in study group (23,6 ± 5,9%) and 2 patients in control group (5,7 ± 3,9%). The presence of enteroviruses genomes and IgG in sera of patients in control group (11,1 ± 3,7%) indicate the persistence of enteroviruses. The proportion of patients with IgG to enteroviruses in sera is higher in study group (12,5 ± 3,9%) than in control group (5,7 ± 3,9%). CONCLUSION: The enterovirus infections play trigger role in development of acute stroke.