ABSTRACT
Eleven patients underwent palliative irradiation for symptomatic liver metastases. The whole liver is included in the radiation field. The treatment is given with a cobalt teletherapy unit. Daily doses are 150 rads calculated in the midliver plane. The total dose employed is 2,500 rads given in a three-week period. Eight patients had good response, two moderate response, and one patient failed to respond to treatment. Liver function studies and liver scans also reflected the treatment response. All patients tolerated the treatment and no deaths were attributed to liver irradiation. The impression is that radiation therapy is valuable for the treatment of symptomatic liver metastases in the young patient who does not have a terminal condition.
Subject(s)
Liver Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Neoplasm Metastasis/radiotherapy , Palliative Care , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Autopsy , Child , Cobalt Radioisotopes , Female , Humans , Jaundice/etiology , Liver Neoplasms/complications , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Pain/etiology , Radioisotope Teletherapy , Radiotherapy Dosage , Remission, Spontaneous , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In rats exposed to a simulated high altitude of 3500 m for their whole prenatal and postnatal life a severe cardiac hypertrophy develops. In rats born and first staying 5 weeks at sea level and then being exposed to simulated high altitude, only a unilateral right cardiac hypertrophy occurs. In both groups nutritional coronary blood flow was estimated in left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum and was compared with control animals of similar age. Coronary blood flow was measured at hypoxia in all groups. At first cardiac output was determined by the Fick principle, then 86Rb was applied and the animals were killed after 55 sec. Activity of 86Rb was measured in both cardiac ventricles and septum and the fractional uptake was calculated. According to Sapirstein (1956, 1958) the distribution of 86-RB follows the distribution of cardiac output and from both these data the nutritional blood flow to the parts of the heart may be estimated. Cardiac output was similar in rats exposed to simulated high altitude later in life ('newcomers') and in control animals, but it was significantly lower in rats born in the low pressure chamber ('natives'). Fractions of cardiac output supplying cardiac ventricles and septum in rats from both hypoxic groups were significantly higher than in control animals. In the 'natives' they were significantly higher than in the 'newcomers'. The fractions of cardiac output in both 'newcomers' and 'natives' remained significantly higher than those of the control animals, also when calculated per gram of heart tissue. Nutritional coronary blood flow (in ml/min) was higher in both ventricles and septum of the 'newcomers' and in the right ventricle of the 'natives', and lower in the septum of the 'natives', when compared with control animals. Coronary blood flow per gram of heart tissue (in ml/min.g) was significantly higher in all cardiac parts of the 'newcomers', but it was about the same in all cardiac parts of the 'natives' when compared with controls. The importance of observed changes concerning myocardial tissue oxygenation is analyzed by using Krogh's cylindrical tissue model.
